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Excavation

  • Acropoli – Piano del Castello
  • Volterra
  • Volaterrae
  • Italy
  • Tuscany
  • Pisa
  • Volterra

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Credits

  • The Italian Database is the result of a collaboration between:

    MIBAC (Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali - Direzione Generale per i Beni Archeologici),

    ICCD (Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione) and

    AIAC (Associazione Internazionale di Archeologia Classica).

  • AIAC_logo logo

Summary (English)

  • The work took place in the central part of the excavation area where, in 199-2001, a complex of four rooms was identified. They were on a north-south alignment that differed from the cult buildings (temples and open courtyard, arranged on a north-east/south-west axis) and were interpreted as service buildings. The excavation took place in two adjacent trenches: trench V investigated the immediate area outside enclosure I, and trench VI, investigated the interior of the service building’s north room.

    The exploration of the area outside enclosure I (trench V) confirmed that it was built in the late 3rd century B.C. at the same time as temple B. Overlying the level in phase with its construction there were a series of occupation layers in the courtyard containing abundant charcoal remains. Datable to the first half of the 2nd century B.C., they were characterised by the presence of two large hearths in shallow hollows cut into the opus signinum floors. The hearths contained numerous examples of cooking pots, storage and table-wares, in particular plain ware and black glazed cups, and abundant faunal remains. Two pottery fragments with inscriptions relating to deities worshipped at the sanctuary were found in these levels. One is a jar fragment, datable to between the late 4th century and the early 3rd century B.C., inscribed with the theonym uṇ[i] and the other is a fragment of a small pre-sigillata plate with the inscription ap, abbreviation of apa. These inscriptions attest the presence in this area of the sanctuary of the goddess named apa/papa, founder of the sanctuary, accompanied by her paredros uni (Iuno).

    The excavations in trench VI provided a more precise chronology for the construction of the service room, which must have occurred at the beginning of the 3rd century B.C. The presence of the remains of a kiln suggests that the room was used as a production area relating to the sacred area and therefore was open-air. It is possible, and this remains to be confirmed, that in a secondary phase the room was roofed and provided with an entrance with a threshold. The levels underlying this structure, only partially excavated, can generally be attributed to the external environs of the late archaic temple as occupation surfaces and depositions of cult material and votives. In this regard, a very interesting discovery was a deposit, datable to around the mid 4th century B.C., comprising about 30 small plain cups deliberately placed upside down, accompanied by two jars and a large fragment of a disc acroterion, from the roof of the late archaic temple. This was probably a collective libation ritual perhaps to be associated with the deactivation of the temple itself, symbolically represented by the disc acroterion.

  • Marisa Bonamici - Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa 
  • Lisa Rosselli - Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa 

Director

Team

  • Emanuele Taccola - Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa

Research Body

  • Università di Pisa

Funding Body

  • Comune di Volterra

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