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Excavation

  • Cetamura del Chianti
  • Gaiole in Chianti
  • Civitamura
  • Italy
  • Tuscany
  • Province of Siena
  • Gaiole in Chianti

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Credits

  • The Italian Database is the result of a collaboration between:

    MIBAC (Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali - Direzione Generale per i Beni Archeologici),

    ICCD (Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione) and

    AIAC (Associazione Internazionale di Archeologia Classica).

  • AIAC_logo logo

Summary (English)

  • Excavations in 2018 In Zone I were concentrated in six units, both south and north of Well # 1. Three units on the south yielded new information about the building identified the previous year as the medieval castle (castrum) of the 12th century CE. Relatively little continuity of the heavy foundations of the building was observed, but a dense carbon area seems to be part of a hearth in the corner of the building. Burnt bone, fragments of testo for making hearth bread, and a flint object (potentially a fire-starting tool), add credence to the hypothesis. Medieval documents and C14 dating of wood agree on a date of the 11th-12th centuries. The castle was evidently violently destroyed, leaving only the substantial foundations.

    North of Well # 1 the three units under excavation yielded an enormous quantity of fill that was dumped in over more than one period into a large cavity in the bedrock. The part of the cavity uncovered so far seems roughly rectangular in top plan, with one side measuring about 4 meters. Inside the cavity, several very large smoothed sandstone blocks are placed at right angles to each other, suggesting a structure, but they may be part of the dumping episodes. The upper levels contained ceramic, bone, carbon, stone, flint and some iron objects. No datable artifact appeared in this matrix. Beneath that was a dense rubble and tile packing as well as a significant number of artifacts dating to the early Imperial period: terra sigillata, amphora, travertine stone, and Roman glass. From previous soundings in the area it seems likely there will be an Etruscan level beneath this. Excavation on one corner of the rectangle was conducted over several previous seasons, yielding bone of deer and antlers, along with diagnostic pottery of the 4th-3rd centuries.

    In Zone II, the 2018 campaign focused on the final excavation of a storage area west of the sanctuary. In earlier seasons substantial remains of two large ceramic dolia were found, and the beaten earth floor held the negative imprint of a third dolium. These were found within the angle formed by two large and deep stone walls having at least two different masonry styles. One of the walls seems to have been built as a retaining wall for the adjacent sanctuary. The other, at a right angle, may have been a buttress for this retaining area. Finds at the bottom of the fill were consistent with a date in the 4th or early third century BCE. The dolia were probably in use in the Etruscan Late Phase 1 at Cetamura (ca. 300-150 BCE). Then the area likely went out of use for storage in Etruscan Late Phase II (ca. 150-75 BCE) and was thereafter used for dumping, especially brick and tile from the nearby kiln industry. The pottery chronology was consistent with these dates.

  • Nancy T. de Grummond - Florida State University, Tallahassee, Dept. of Classics 

Director

  • Nancy T. de Grummond - Florida State University, Tallahassee, Dept. of Classics

Team

  • Ornella Fonzo
  • Nòra Marosi - Studio Art Centers International
  • Rosalba Settesoldi
  • Francesco Cini - ICHNOS
  • Mauro Buonincontri - ICHNOS
  • J. Theodore Peña - University of California, Berkeley

Research Body

  • University of North Carolina-Asheville

Funding Body

  • Florida State University, Tallahasse, Dip. Studi Classici, U.S.A

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