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Excavation

  • Castello di Rontana
  • Monte di Rontana
  • castrum Rontanae
  • Italy
  • Emilia-Romagna
  • Province of Ravenna
  • Brisighella

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Credits

  • The Italian Database is the result of a collaboration between:

    MIBAC (Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali - Direzione Generale per i Beni Archeologici),

    ICCD (Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione) and

    AIAC (Associazione Internazionale di Archeologia Classica).

  • AIAC_logo logo

Summary (English)

  • The fifth campaign took place between August and September 2011.

    Two trenches were dug on the summit, on the west side and in the north-east corner, previously explored in 2007 and 2010. In order to gain an understanding of the building’s function, a new sector (10 × 5 m) was opened on the opposite side of the plateau, where a structure was exposed, measuring about 3.5 m and preserved to a standing height of at least 5 m. This was the western limit of a small stone building, probably an aristocratic church, situated within the fortifications of the 15th century Rocca. The substantial wall was connected to the ogival tower that was still standing on the site prior to the start of the excavations in 2007.

    A second ogival tower was uncovered in the north-east corner that completely modifies the castle’s appearance. The brick-built tower (9 m diam.), preserved to 6 m, presented at least three arquebus positions, two on the sides and one on the apex, orientated north towards the rest of the settlement. The tower stood on an imposing wall of chalk blocks which constituted the 13th century defences of the summit area, and of which two stretches were found on the north and west sides.

    A third trench was opened on the south side of the castle, where in previous years a quadrangular tower had come to light, with a vaulted cistern for water storage at its base. The deposit separating the structure from the curtain wall facing onto the Lamone valley was excavated. A palimpsest of four different construction phases was identified, from the original rock-cut palisade to the final phases of regular chalk blocks. The perimeter wall of another 13th century building, whose function is at present unknown, was uncovered inside a circular pit, almost 2.5 m deep.

    On the opposite side of the plateau, a rock-cut ditch separated the northern slope from the settlement on the summit. This zone was filled and levelled during the 13th century and the entire area bordered by a thick wall of chalk blocks, inside which were two workshops: one for iron working and the other for bread making. An earlier oven/kiln, whose function has still to be established, was found below the layers which raised the height of the plateau and will be excavated in future campaigns.

    A last trench, in the eastern sector of the castle, produced the earliest material. The late 13th century walls surrounding the site and some earlier structures (still to be dated) were uncovered. Some elements, which could further define the chronology of these first phases, were found in the bottom of a post-hole. The timber remains will undergo C14 and dendrochronological dating.

    A surface survey identified a large, previously unknown area of the castle situated on the south-eastern side of the woods. Here, defensive walls overlooking the Lamone valley were visible. They stood on a false plain at about 20 m below the summit area and can probably be interpreted as the borgo of the castle, mentioned in the written sources.

Director

  • Andrea Augenti - Università degli Studi di Bologna, Dipartimento di Archeologia
  • Enrico Cirelli - Dipartimento di Archeologia, Università degli Studi di Bologna

Team

  • Debora Ferreri - Università degli Studi di Bologna
  • Elisa Tabanelli - Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Archeologia
  • Elvira Lo Mele - Università degli Studi di Bologna
  • Massimiliano Montanari - Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Archeologia

Research Body

  • Università degli Studi di Bologna

Funding Body

  • Comune di Brisighella
  • Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Ravenna
  • Parco Regionale della Vena del Gesso Romagnola

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