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Excavation

  • Area ex Lanza
  • Predore
  •  
  • Italy
  • Lombardy
  • Province of Bergamo
  • Predore

Tools

Credits

  • The Italian Database is the result of a collaboration between:

    MIBAC (Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali - Direzione Generale per i Beni Archeologici),

    ICCD (Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione) and

    AIAC (Associazione Internazionale di Archeologia Classica).

  • AIAC_logo logo

Summary (English)

  • In 2003 following the redevelopment of the site occupied by the former Lanza Tyre factory, an area of circa 1000 m2, was investigated. This was the site of a large Roman villa, already known from various finds in the historic centre of Predore.

    The building was delimited to the west by the Rino torrent and east by the torrent running down from the Murdella valley. To the south it reached the lake and to the north the foot of the hill.
    The western sector occupied by the bath complex was investigated, whilst the other 500 m2 comprised an open area used for the building activities necessary for the construction and maintenance of the complex.

    Phase I (1st century B.C.)

    The western perimeter was characterised by a discontinuous line with several changes in direction. Other walled structures were identified in the south-eastern part of the area. A structure was identified that developed on a N-S and E-W axis. Its walls were built using a mixed construction technique employing bricks, floor and roof tiles together with cleft stones and cobbles. It seems probable that this structure was not part of the baths.

    Phase II (post 1st century B.C.-pre 2nd century A.D.)

    Attested by the remains of two rooms on a N-S alignment, the southern of which terminated with a semicircular apse which still conserved its greyish mortar floor make up.

    Phase III (2nd-3rd century A.D.)

    This phase is the best documented and was that in which the most important structural interventions were made.
    A series of heated rooms were built, in plan forming a reverse L -shape, these were followed by more rooms which terminated to the SW in a large pool, according to the layout cited by classical sources. Four hypocausts were uncovered, fed by a single praefurnium to which access was gained via a vaulted underground room situated to the north. Palaeo-botanical analyses on the ashes revealed the presence of fig and olive wood. In one of the rooms the remains of a mosaic pavement and fragments of stucco, probably from the ceiling decoration, came to light.

    In the south-western zone earlier rooms were demolished to make way for the tepidarium – frigidarium complex comprising two rooms followed by a large pool. The first was circular (diam. 5 m) and acted as a link to the new wing. The second was rectangular, its floor and walls clad with stone slabs; the remains of a lead fistula and an impression in the floor indicate the presence of a fountain in the north-west corner of the room. Towards the south the room opened onto a large pool, its walls and floor clad with large squared slabs of local white stone set into a well made opus signinum make up.

    The construction of the bath complex also led to the construction of a series of channels, the top and bottom generally made of tile and the sides of masonry. One of these contained a brick covered in graffiti relating to an alphabetical and numerical sequence, some marks of difficult interpretation and two inscriptions written in palaeographic cursive (end of the 2nd-beginning of the 3rd century A.D.). The longer inscription is of particular importance. It is seven lines long and seems to be part of a composition in which the god Neptune is cited.

    Phase IV (4th-5th century A.D.)

    During the subsequent phase there was substantial continuity in both the architecture and function of this part of the building. The most obvious change was the replacement of the round room with a rectangular one which had a fountain in the SW zone. The opening of the north-western hypocaust was blocked. What followed was the slow and gradual abandonment of the villa, attested by the lack of levels clearly indicating burning or destruction. However, it cannot be excluded that some of its rooms continued to be used in subsequent periods.

  • Maria Fortunati - Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Lombardia 
  • Angelo Ghiroldi - Ditta Ghiroldi Angelo e C. sas 

Director

Team

  • Lucia Miazzo

Research Body

  • Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Lombardia

Funding Body

  • Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali
  • Privato

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