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Excavation

  • Corni Freschi
  • Corni Freschi
  •  
  • Italy
  • Lombardy
  • Province of Brescia
  • Darfo Boario Terme

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Credits

  • The Italian Database is the result of a collaboration between:

    MIBAC (Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali - Direzione Generale per i Beni Archeologici),

    ICCD (Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione) and

    AIAC (Associazione Internazionale di Archeologia Classica).

  • AIAC_logo logo

Summary (English)

  • In the locality of Corni Freschi, stands an enormous rock mass, known since 1961, bearing rock incisions dating to the Copper Age (3rd millennium B.C.). One of the earliest of the valley it is part of the UNESCO world heritage site N. 94 “Rock Art of the Valle Camonica”.
    The mass was incised after it fell from the rock face of Monticolo behind. At the centre of the vertical face which faces towards the course of the river Oglio, is an isolated composition of heraldic form, of nine halberds in diverging positions, six to the left and three to the right, the latter less accurately drawn. The incisions date to the end of the Copper Age-Bell-Beaker Culture.

    In 2002-2003 the Superintendency, before proceeding with the restoration of the rock mass, used the occasion to investigate the surrounding stratigraphy in order to check for the possible existence of an occupation level that was contemporary with the incisions and to attempt to understand the nature of the site. Through a great stroke of luck the excavation led to the discovery of a second composition of fifteen facing daggers, 20-25 cm long, the blades pointing downwards, nine to the right and six to the left. These incisions were situated at a distance of 1.45 m from the base of the halberds, at a depth of 30 cm below the present ground level.

    The composition, which develops inside a natural step in the rock which forms a sort of oval frame, is 60 cm high and 60 cm wide. Many of the marks are very worn and this was probably the reason why it was not seen by whoever dug the ditch parallel to the mass. The series of daggers presents the same scheme, the figures placed centrally with respect to the rock face, the halberds above, the daggers below, with respect to the overall surface of the mass.

    From a chronological point of view the daggers are in synchrony with the halberds for the round pommel of the hilt and triangular blade with straight sides and sloped shoulders more or less oblique (the first dagger to the upper right, distanced from the others, is differentiated by the flat base). The dominant style seems to represent an intermediate type between the Beaker-culture daggers of the Ciempozuelos type identified on the Cemmo 3 stele (from which the Corno Freschi type differs in the less slanting shoulders, straight sided blade and perfectly round pommel of the hilt) and the Borno 5 daggers, which however have curving shoulders. Despite these differences it still seems possible to sustain that they belong to the Bell-culture, where the daggers from Corni Freschi find parallels in examples from French Bell-culture megalithic sites (e.g. the Bois en Ré and Triazay types defined by Gretel Gallay).

  • Raffaella Poggiani Keller - Soprintendenza Beni Archeologici della Lombardia 

Director

Team

  • L. Ghedin - La Fenice
  • Franco Magri

Research Body

  • Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Lombardia

Funding Body

  • MiBAC

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