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Excavation

  • Monteleo
  • Buca dei Falchi
  • Monteleo
  • Italy
  • Tuscany
  • Provincia di Grosseto
  • Monterotondo Marittimo

Tools

Credits

  • The Italian Database is the result of a collaboration between:

    MIBAC (Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali - Direzione Generale per i Beni Archeologici),

    ICCD (Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione) and

    AIAC (Associazione Internazionale di Archeologia Classica).

  • AIAC_logo logo

Summary (English)

  • In 2011 excavations continued on the plateau beside road S.P. 398, which had been investigated in 2010 (Area 3000) exposing walled and productive structures. The 2011 excavation extended the trenches in areas 3000, A, B, and D, and opened a new area (Area 3000 E). These areas were extended with the aim of gaining further understanding of the site’s diverse functions. Area A was extended to the south, in the space in front of the mouth of the circular casting structure already investigated in 2010 and whose function remains difficult to interpret.

    The removal of a substantial deposit formed by accumulations of inert materials, waste from productive activities and work surfaces, exposed part of the praefurnium belonging to the casting structure. It also showed that the ground level in Area 3000 had been substantially raised in a relatively late phase between the second half of the 16th century and the first half of the 17th century. This rise in ground level, also documented in nearby areas, was created by dumping heavily siliceous (jaspers) inert materials, whose use was probably linked to their pozzolanic properties. The productive activities datable to this late period seemed to be attested by a patch of a surface made using these materials, perhaps linked to the crystallization phase of the product.

    There was a large amount of evidence for iron working. The slag was mainly attributable to forging activities. This was particularly well-documented in Area D, where evidence of all stages of this process were preserved. The actual forging was undertaken in small isolated structures and in forges installed “in batteries”; as well as the hole for housing the anvil support the excavation identified the places where the iron objects were piled up before being reintroduced into the production cycle. These comprised small iron bars and objects such as nails, punches, rings, fibulae, pegs and keys.
    This was a forger’s workshop, whose activity may either have related to the needs of the alum mine or been independent, that partially exploited pre-existing structures.

    The drastic transformation of the plateau, which occurred between the Renaissance period, the dating for the earliest evidence on area 3000, and the latest investments of the mid 18th century, was also documented in trench E. This trench, situated beside the modern road, revealed the presence of an opus signinum surface (mentioned above) overlying a basalt paving. The preliminary interpretation of this space is that it was an area linked to the phases of alum crystallization. It was installed next to a pre-existing channel, which overlay a razed structure, of which only one corner was identified and is thought to date to the earliest phase attested so far on the site.

  • Luisa Dallai - Università degli Studi di Siena 

Director

  • Giovanna Bianchi - Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Archeologia e Storia dell’arte

Team

  • Elisabetta Ponta - Università degli Studi di Siena
  • Giulio Poggi - Università degli Studi di Siena
  • Silvia Travaglini - Università degli Studi di Siena
  • Stefania Fineschi - Università degli Studi di Siena

Research Body

  • Università degli Studi di Siena

Funding Body

  • Comune di Monterotondo Marittimo
  • Parco Archeologico e tecnologico delle Colline Metallifere grossetane

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