Summary (English)
EXPLORATIONS IN THE KOZARNIKA CAVE (Nikolai Sirakov – nikolaysirakov@gmail.com, Jean-Luc Guadelli) Middle and early stages of the Lower Palaeolithic sequence: The lower part of layer 11b was explored in Sectors 7 and 8. The archaeological assemblages from this litho-stratigraphic context came from the middle stages of the Lower Palaeolithic period. The upper levels of the context, containing archaeological assemblages from the early stages of the Upper Palaeolithic period, were explored in Sector 12. A tendency for the quantity of the stone assemblages to decrease was documented during the exploration of the layers through the middle towards the early stages of the Upper Palaeolithic period. Technologically, more variants of the simplified debitage and the debitage with alternation were documented. The shapes included retouched flakes and core-tools and sporadically, scrapers and punches. A canine of a primate (family Cercopothecidae, sub-family Colobinae, or sub-family Cercopithecinae, genus Theropithecus) and a molar Gazellospira sp. were found. They were biostratigraphic markers for the first half and the middle of the Early Pleistocene (1.8 – 1.4 Ma BP). A fragment of a lower jaw of Acinonyx cf. pardinensis was found in layer 11b, in the stratigraphic position of 1.2 – 1 Ma BP. Middle Palaeolithic sequence: The beginning of the human settlement in the Middle Palaeolithic was reached in Sectors 72 – 75 situated in the cave interior. Flint assemblages, displaying technological and typological features of the early stages of the Middle Palaeolithic period in the cave entrance, were found. Samples for tephrological analysis and date were taken from the eastern profile of the excavations in the cave entrance. At least two periods with volcano eruptions in Southern Italy were documented with traces of volcano ash in the layers of the end of the Middle and the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic periods.
- Nikolai Sirakov - Archaeological Institute with Museum 
- Jean-Luc Guadelli - PACEA/IPGQ–UMR CNRS 5199, Université Bordeaux I 
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- Archaeological Institute with Museum
- Université Bordeaux I
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