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Excavation

  • Cruci e Finizia
  • Cruci e Finizia
  •  
  • Italy
  • Apulia
  • Provincia di Foggia
  • Peschici

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Credits

  • The Italian Database is the result of a collaboration between:

    MIBAC (Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali - Direzione Generale per i Beni Archeologici),

    ICCD (Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione) and

    AIAC (Associazione Internazionale di Archeologia Classica).

  • AIAC_logo logo

Summary (English)

  • The research campaign undertaken in the territory of Peschici produced exceptional results, regarding both the materials and cultural chronology of the archaeological remains. At Cruci a detailed survey was carried out using a total station of the morphologies where the mines with related dumps of waste materials and lithic-working areas are situated. The extension and thus the position of the latter were defined on the ground. The existence of ten areas with concentrations of flaked silica materials was ascertained, four of which newly identified, as well as six open or almost open mining structures.

    One of these (n. 2), was planned and the more significant sections recorded. The mining structures presented a horizontal excavation intersecting one or more vertical shafts, of which sections remain at the ceiling level, always filled with worked silica materials in earthy, mostly heavily concretionary, sediments. Structure n. 2, the largest and with central pillar (excavated by Rellini in the 1930s) was closely examined, in particular the vertical shafts. The horizontal chamber now presents two apertures, one of which in the form of a dromos that was certainly widened in the historic period in order to allow access for animals. A third, very narrow, aperture which is certainly ancient, was discovered during this campaign. The space within this chamber, where the horizontal layers and nodules of flints are visible in the walls, also seems to have been subjected to later modifications, although at present no clear traces are visible. The three vertical shafts cut from the horizontal excavation are certainly ancient but later. A careful examination of the remains of the concretionary fill in the better-preserved shaft led to the discovery, among the lithic artefacts, of four burins, a pottery fragment, and above all of two fragments of animal bone. These bones produced a date which is not compatible, being late (2140-1880 B.C calibrated), with that provided by charcoal from shaft n.3 (3630-3350 B.C calibrated) in line with that from the area of débitage on the slope in front. The presence of burins in the shaft links up with what was observed on the surface above the mine, where in the past one thousand examples of this type of implement were collected together with other artefacts, within a flint-working area which is still visible (CR4).
    It is likely that this production activity, which may be defined as specialist for the exceptional number of examples, took place while the mine shafts were still open, but not functioning, so that they were used as containers for the waste material from the surface dèbitage. The radiometric dating from the nearby shaft n.3, could correspond with that of the flaking activity on the surface in area CR4.

    A trench dug in one of the areas with a large scatter of flakes, the CR2, was of particular interest. It corresponded with a fan-shaped dump of mining material, which to date cannot be associated with an identified mine. The trench was placed on the flat summit of the fan and covered an area of 4 m2. A still intact flaking area came to light below the last level of fine mining detritus, constituted by a large accumulation of flakes from lithic working (US4-6). This accumulation overlay a level of coarser mining detritus (US7). A piece of charcoal found at the base of US6 provided a date falling around the middle of the 4th millennium B.C. (3640-3370 B.C calibrated).

    A preliminary analysis was carried out on the lithic industry of the second cut of the débitage, a total of 3317 elements (weighing 31.7 Kg.). This showed a high number of flakes with cortex (12,5 Kg, almost 40%) and an almost complete absence of nucleuses and implements on flakes; contrary to tranchets, present, although in limited quantity, with finished pieces, with pre-forms and remnants of tranchets, attesting a specialised production.

    To date the research at Finzia has not produced the expected results. For logistical reasons it was not possible to work on shaft n. 1, that used for the disposal of detritus, thus a trench was dug in the area in front of the entrance to the horizontal excavation relating to the shaft, where a sort of earthy fan-shaped feature was visible. This explorative excavation reached a depth of circa 140 cm and brought to light, below a surface layer of earth, a level of whitish, mined-type gravel, without the fine matrix and silica elements, that was in secondary deposition. This overlay a second earthy layer below which was a compact layer of whitish gravel, with a fine matrix and flaked silica elements. Whilst the latter corresponds to an ancient phase of dumping from the mine, the one above is probably the result of illegal excavation of the shaft above in the modern period. In fact the emptiness of the shaft caused some perplexity from the start, considering its position on a steep wooded slope, obviously subject to the constant erosion of materials of a varied nature.

  • Attilio Galiberti - Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Archeologia e Storia delle Arti, Sezione di Preistoria 
  • Lucia Sarti - Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Archeologia e Storia delle Arti 

Director

Team

  • Assegnista, dottorandi e studenti del Dipartimento di Archeologia dell\'Università di Siena

Research Body

  • Università degli Studi di Siena

Funding Body

  • Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali (Progetto PRIN 2007)

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