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Excavation

  • Colle Massari Medievale
  • Colle Massari
  •  
  • Italy
  • Tuscany
  • Provincia di Grosseto
  • Cinigiano

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Credits

  • The Italian Database is the result of a collaboration between:

    MIBAC (Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali - Direzione Generale per i Beni Archeologici),

    ICCD (Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione) and

    AIAC (Associazione Internazionale di Archeologia Classica).

  • AIAC_logo logo

Summary (English)

  • During this season, the excavations concentrated on the southern complex, represented by two large buildings (building A and Building B) and a cistern.
    The research begun in this area in 2013 has uncovered part of a building, perhaps residential, that from its construction had a small balneum, and another, perhaps coeval or slightly later, which was conceived as a public balneum. The two buildings were linked by an L shaped corridor, which ran between them and a cistern that served both the balnea. Based on the construction techniques (_opus_ mixtum, vittatum and testaceum) and on the style and iconography of a mosaic, the complex was built in the first half of the 2nd century A.D., in the Hadrianic period. Although the excavations previously concentrated on the phases of reuse and abandonment between the mid 5th and early 6th century A.D., several phases of alterations dating to between the 2nd and early 5th century A.D. were identified.

    The 2018 excavations were fundamental in clarifying the characteristics and chronology of a phase of transformation that had a substantial impact on the plan and movement within the bath building (Building B9. In part of a large apsidal room where the mosaics were removed by ploughing, trenches were opened that revealed evidence of the change in function. In fact, in the original phase (first half of the 2nd century A.D.) this room functioned as a caldarium with schola labri and perpendicular heated pool. In the Several period, when the rest of Building B was enlarged and altered, the caldarium was converted into the frigidarium, with the removal of the pilae and the filling in of the hypocausts with layers of soil. In this phase the channel linking the hypocausts of the caldarium and adjacent tepidarium was blocked. The space previously occupied by the hot pool was transformed into two small rooms (vestibule and apodyterium). The apse of the schola labri was narrowed and transformed into a cold pool, and a second pool was added on the west side of the room.

    This evidence, together with the coeval alterations documented during the previous excavations show how the bath building saw the creation of two independent ways through the baths. Excavations then concentrated on the west side of Building A, where, at least in the original phases, a residential function was suggested. In the full 3rd-early 4th century A.D., a large buttressed horseshoe-shaped structure was built along the west side, which must have served as a courtyard to welcome travelers. In fact, in this phase the site seems to have to increased its function as a way-station along a secondary, but very important road that provided a transverse link between the roads of the cursus publicus_ running between the coast and interior.

  • Stefano Campana- Università di Siena 
  • Emanuele Vaccaro- Università di Trento 

Director

  • Stefano Campana- Università di Siena

Team

  • Michael MacKinnon– Università di Winnipeg
  • Alfredo Buonopane– Università di Verona
  • Annamaria Mercuri –Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia
  • Marianna Cirillo
  • Michele Matteazzi

Research Body

  • Università di Siena ed Università di Trento

Funding Body

  • Comune di Cinigiano
  • Fondazione Bertarelli

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