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Excavation

  • Incoronata
  • Metaponto
  •  
  • Italy
  • Basilicate
  • Province of Matera
  • Pisticci

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Credits

  • The Italian Database is the result of a collaboration between:

    MIBAC (Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali - Direzione Generale per i Beni Archeologici),

    ICCD (Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione) and

    AIAC (Associazione Internazionale di Archeologia Classica).

  • AIAC_logo logo

Summary (English)

  • The 2006 excavation campaign concentrated on “Sector 1”, at the southern edge of the north-western part of the hill. Here a floor and containing layer were present, as well as charcoal elements, vitrified fragments and ash, numerous clay elements belonging to one or more kilns. In fact, the latter contained the collapse of a large number of clay elements from the one or more kilns that were completely destroyed. Most of these elements, some of which were large, were part of the vault, the grill and the walls and were found mixed with pottery fragments the majority of which bore traces of burning. This was mainly Enotrian pottery, characterised overall by high technical and stylistic quality (plain buff, monochrome and bichrome) associated with locally made Greek pottery, grey ware, Corinthian amphorae, large containers and imported Greek pottery. A loom weight, bronze elements and rim fragments from a bronze vessel were also found.

    The structures may be attributed to a workshop for the production of Enotrian pottery, as suggested by the high density of fragments of indigenous pottery associated with the kiln remains, the presence of kiln wasters, of a large bichrome container which held substantial remains of solidified liquid clay, of body sherds mended in antiquity (holes for the insertion of cramps) and of body sherds with incised letters. Of particular interest within one of the contexts of this type was a find of vessel forms characterised by decorative motifs of the Greek repertory that would have been reproduced by Greek potters working on the site (an imported hydria neck and an exact local copy), but also interpreted by indigenous potters (a cup of Enotrian decoration and clay, but of Greek form).

    The manner in which the kiln remains were discovered together with a series of motivations dictated by the stratigraphy suggest that this was a collapse caused by destruction that occurred whilst the complex was still functioning (as the burning on the surface of the vases would seem to show). The clay elements, uniformly present throughout the area, were repeatedly amassed in “strips”, large concentrations of kiln fragments and pottery, which lay in a regular pattern perpendicular to the floor. These mainly occured in correspondence with large hollows in the beaten earth below which may be interpreted as the edges of the kiln housings. In fact, the curving southern profile of the floor corresponded to them. The entire layer of the kiln collapse overlay a very compact yellowish earth surface. A small trench dug in the north-eastern corner demonstrated that it contained no colonial pottery but only indigenous ceramics, therefore it was possible to attribute it to the Enotrian phase of the settlement.
    From what is known at present it is possible to identify at least two phases:

    - phase 1, characterised by remains belonging to a workshop area datable to the first half of the 7th century B.C. The kilns appeared to have been on one level and to have functioned with the pavement which surrounded them to the north. The area may be attributed to an occupation phase of the Incoronata which did not correspond with the 8th century indigenous settlement preceding the Greek settlement (University of Milan hypothesis) but to a point within the 7th century when the production of Greek pottery had already begun on the hill. This would account for the existence of an occupation phase of a mixed character, Greek together with Enotrian, now finally stratigraphically and chronologically defined.

    - Phase 2, in which the entire area was obliterated by a layer of levelling which was connected to the substantial fill brought to light during preceding campaigns towards the interior of the hill, the extensive terracing which filled a deep depression (natural? artificial?) thanks also to the reuse of numerous bricks. This vast levelling layer, characterised by very compact greyish earth, can be dated to a late phase of the 7th century B.C. (probably around the middle) on the basis of the presence within it – together with minute fragments of dumped indigenous and Greek pottery – of imported pottery which dated to after the middle of the century (Wild Goat Style). An interesting hypothesis – yet to be checked – could be that this intervention was the result of the overall obliteration of the area connected with the creation of the numerous rich deposits of pottery (mainly Greek) present at several points to the north of this terracing (the so-called oikoi excavated by the University of Milan).

Director

Team

  • Dominique Allios - Université de Haute Bretagne
  • Elisabetta Interdonato - Université de Rennes 2
  • Ilaria Tirloni - Université de Rennes 2
  • Antonio De Siena - Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Basilicata
  • Mario Denti - Université de Haute Bretagne-Rennes 2, Departement d’Histoire dell’Art et Archéologie Laboratoire CERAMA (Centre d’Etude et de Recherche en Archéolog
  • Studenti - Istituto Suor Orsola Benincasa, Napoli
  • Studenti - Université de Rennes 2
  • Studenti dell’Università degli Studi di Lecce
  • Studenti dell’Università degli Studi di Milano

Research Body

  • Equipe d’accueil “Histoire et critique des Arts”, Université de Rennes 2

Funding Body

  • Comune di Pisticci

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