During the previous excavations at the Uzun Mera site the stratigraphy at the south-central area of the site was documented. The most revealing was trench 3 at the summit of a small elevation, where a layer of gravel of well rounded – some cracked – cobbles was discovered. The second campaign was focused on expanding the area south of trench 3 and investigating further this layer and the stratigraphy in general. Trench 4 (2×4m2) was attached to trench 3and as expected confirmed the stratigraphy at this highest point of the south part of the site. It also confirmed that there is no regular distribution of the cobbles of the gravel layer, i.e., it is indeed natural deposit, rather than anthropogenic feature. Additional stone artefacts were recovered from the surface and the layers, including the plough-zone, the gravel and the underlying sand/silt. The excavations so far reaffirmed two hypothesis regarding the formation of the site and the artefacts: 1. During a past geological process the deposit was brought to this location together with the stone artefacts. This means that Uzun Mera is a palimpsest of lithic tools in a secondary position, from a primary site that no longer exists. 2. The raw material (the gravel layer) was brought to this location as an alluvium/colluvium and was visible on the surface during the later Pleistocene, when Neanderthal groups used it as a raw-material resource. Since all the elements of the operational sequence are present, it seems they were using the same location as a workshop, and possibly as a temporary camp, even though no traces of structures, fire, or human and animal bones were recovered so far.