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  • Tumulus of Kamenica
  • Kamenicë
  •  
  • Albania
  • Korçë County
  • Bashkia Korçë
  • Mollaj

Credits

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Monuments

Periods

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Chronology

  • 1299 BC - 600 BC

Season

    • This season one of the main objectives was to find the extension of the tumulus as a whole. The distance from the conventional centre to the eastern extremity of the monument approximately measured 55m. Important elements of the architecture of the tumulus were defined, because even the elliptical shape of the monument is unusual compared to the other tumuli known so far in Albania and the surrounding Balkan areas. It was also possible to understand an important element of the architecture of the tumulus: in a first phase the cemetery was quite small and built only with soil; then, in a second phase (probably at the end of the VIII century B.C.), the monument was enlarged and built with rocks. It has become clear that the cemetery is built on a natural slope, so that half of the mound occupied approximately by part of Sector 2, the whole of Sector 3, and part of Sector 4 has a lower elevation than the rest of the tumulus. Several grave types were identified during the excavations of the tumulus. The most common among them is the simple pit, which is a characteristic feature for all periods of use of the cemetery, but there were also found wooden structures in the simple pits; much rarer are the stone-lined graves. In this season we started putting chronological boundaries of the using of the tumulus: it looks like has started to the end of the late Bronze Age (XIII-XII centuries B.C.) till the VI century B.C. In this tumulus are also well represented the Early and Developed Iron Ages. In this season in Sector 3 a complex of 5 particular graves came to light. Inside each of these structures was found only one inhumation. In the VIII-VII century B.C. in all the graves only inhumation was practised. The mortuary customs of these graves include two important elements: the extended position of disposing the dead, as well as the frequent use of a particular type of ceramic vessel as grave good. In inhumation burials were found more bronze and iron jewellery, and ceramic pots, some of them with fine painted decoration, sometimes associated with plastic decoration. In the part of the tumulus that belongs to the first phase cremation is not rare. Some cremation burials were found with the ashes of the bodies that have been cremated somewhere outside of the cemetery, in some other cases the cremation has taken place in situ, and the clay has acquired the typical colour resulting from firing.
    • On May 6th began the last excavation season at the tumulus burial of Kamenica, the aim of which was to definitely clarify the architecture and the use of the tumulus. Few days before the official starting of the project it was necessary to drain the NE and the W portions of the tumulus with an electric pump, fortunately without any damage to the structures. During this last period there have been repeatedly heavy rains that caused the loss in total of one week of digging. The work took place in Sector 1.1 and Sector 3. The task of these last weeks, after a general cleaning, has been to proceed in the excavation of the filling with rocks pertaining to the second phase of the cemetery in Sector 1.1, and of the filling with soil pertaining to the first phase in Sector 3, where the excavation of the filling of rocks has been completed last year. 25 graves have been found, some of them very interesting: one had two skeletons, an adult with a hand on the head of a child; another grave had the skeletons of a man and of woman disposed much closed to each other but in opposite directions. In Sector 1.1 the filling with rocks is close to the end, and are coming to light graves delimited by massive circular structure that are superimposed with each-other. The area circumscribed by these arches is dedicated to one grave and this is a pattern quite unknown from the other tumuli excavated so far in the region.

Bibliography

    • M.G. Amore, L. Bejko, 2000, Raport vjetor 2000, Grupi Shqiptar i Arkeologjisë së Shpëtimit, Tiranë
    • M.G. Amore, L. Bejko, 2000, Recent rescue excavations in Albania, in Antiquity V. 75: 269-270.
    • L. Bejko, 2002, The Iron Age Tumulus at Kamenica (Albania), in L’Illyrie méridionale et l’Épire dans l’antiquité IV, Actes du colloque de Grenoble (10–12 octobre 2002), Paris: 39–44
    • L. Bejko, 2000, Zakone mortore në bronzin e vonë të Shqipërisë juglindore, in Iliria 1–2: 129–153
    • L. Bejko, 2002, Mortuary customs in the Late Bronze Age southeastern Albania, in Actes du colloque de Lorient (8–10 juin 2000): 171–198
    • L. Bejko, 2002, Të dhëna arkeologjike për kompleksitetin social në prehistorinë e vonë të Shqipërisë juglindore, Ph.D. dissertation, Tiranë