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  • Mohyl`nyk Neyzats
  • AR Krym, Bilohors`kyy rayon
  •  
  • Ukraine
  • Crimea
  • Belogorskiy rayon

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Periods

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Chronology

  • 125 AD - 175 AD
  • 1000 BC - 800 BC
  • 100 AD - 400 AD

Season

    • The Neyzats cemetery is located in the center of the Crimean foothills, 20 km eastward from Simferopol, 1.0-1.5 km southeast Balanovo village.Regular excavations of site have been conducted since 1996 (except for 1998). Over these years, 352 burials have been uncovered. In 2008, 27 burial sites were excavated: a chamber tomb, , 7 undercut graves, 17 simple graves and a slab grave. Also the investigation of chamber 18 was continued (it was not finished in 1996). Thus, by now 378 burial sites have been excavated in the the cemetery (60 chambers, 125 undercut graves, 192 simple burials and a slab grave). The funeral chamber of the crypt 18 was filled with bones, which were shifted aside during further burials. This rite, as well as grave goods (fibulae, a mirror, bracelets, earrings, bells, pendants, necklaces, etc.) date to the first half of the III century. The date is confirmed by the silver denarius with Septimius Severus coined in the year of 193. The design features of the crypt 18 comply with those of buildings that appeared in Crimea, when the ancestors of the medieval Alans migrated to the Crimean peninsula from the North Caucasus. It was believed that this migration refers to the time following Gothic campaigns carried out in the mid III century. The peculiarity of Neyzats graveyard is a significant number of horse burials. In 2008, three burials of this kind were found - in two cases they were accompanied by burials of dogs. Also in 2008 the early area of the cemetery was discovered. Until this year the earliest cultural and chronological horizon of the necropolis was dated back to the Late Sarmatian culture (late II - first half of the III century). In 2008 two graves of the earlier period were found. They are located on the northern outskirts of the excavated burial site. The undercut grave No. 355 was recently partially plundered. However, there are many things which preserved (such as the narrow-neck light-clay amphora with its neck dug into the bottom of the grave, type C according to the classification of D. Shelov, a set of Sarmatian censers many of which are made of iron, and details of horse armor coated with gold foil. In the entrance pit of this grave there was skeletonburied on his right side in a crouched positon . His hands were buried in a separate molded vessel of an unusual shape. In the level above the level of human burial a dog was buried. Inside the grave No. 374 the burial was made in two cuts. The southern cut was partially plundered in recent times. However, many of the grave goods were preserved (numerous gold beads and plaques, which decorated the clothes of the deceased, silver earrings, a fibula, necklaces, various iron wares). In the northern cut a buried male was found. There was also a high-neck light-clay amphora of type C, a molded dish, a bell, a sword with a circular finish hilt and horse harness, of which numerous iron details covered with gold foil survive. The finds from these graves make it possible to date them to the second - third quarter of the II century and to attribute it to the mid-Sarmatian culture. Due to the excavations of these graves we may suggest that Sarmatians arrived to the Crimean foothills along the valley of Zuya river much earlier than previously assumed. The process of nomad settlement was initiated in the II century AD.
    • In 2009 archaeologists found 39 funeral constructions dated II-IVth century, including 19 underground graves, 19 undercut graves and a crypt at the area of three sites of the Neisats Cemetery. Two underground graves were intended for burying horses. Another grave was equipped with ledge, which was unique for this cemetery. Also during excavations in 2009 archaeologists investigated one burial dated to the Late Bronze Age. It is attributed to the Tashly-Bair cemetery dated to X-IXth centuries BC, located where the Neisats cemetery was and which was excavated in previous years. About half the graves of the Late Roman times was plundered, mostly in recent years. Burials contained such funeral-related items as: red-glazed wares and molded vessels, bridles, fibulas, elements of boxes, knives, spindle whorls, grindstones, belt heads, elements of diadem, bells, anthropomorphic pendants, mirrors, all kinds of jewelry (earrings, bracelets, rings), several thousand of beads. Finds from children\'s graves of the IInd century were especially numerous and varied. Of particular interest is one of the graves, which had two undercuts. Within one of the undercuts a buried couple was found. The bones of a man buried in earlier times were moved aside a little, and the man who died later was buried with other things including a long Sarmatian sword. Also the remains of food which had been brought for the repose of deceased\'s soul were identified here (remains of eggs, nuts). The peculiarity of the Neisats burial is that in the IVth century it was common to dug pits right over the graves so as to fill them with molded, glass and red-glazed vessels. In some cases the walls of the pits could not be traced (‘vessels aggregation’). In 2009 archaeologists found for the twentieth time such an aggregation. It contained 22 molded, 4 red-glazed and glass wares. They were put in a way that one ware was inside the other and very closely to each other. We can assume that the vessels that were used in burial ceremonies, were considered by people who lived in the valley of the river of Zuya in the IVth century as unfit for everyday use. So they left them in special pits, which were dug at the graveyard. Thus until now 417 burial constructions have been studied. In 2009 it became obvious that it was Sarmatians who began to bury their dead at the Neisats graveyard since the IInd century, as they settled there. In the IIIrd century the ancestors of medieval Alans, who came from the North Caucasus, also started to bury the deceased here. The cemetery ceased to function in the late IVth century.
    • Neyzats cemetery is located in the center of the Crimean foothill. Regular studying of site have been conducted since 1996. Over these years were discovered 459 burial constructions. In 2010 excavations continued to investigate the four areas of the cemetery where 42 burial constructions dated to the 2nd — 4th cent. AD were found. Among the burials were 25 ground burials, 12 burials with undercuts, 2 burials were made of plates, 2 ossuaries and 1 burial under amphorae fragments. There were also found 2 burials which are attributed to the Late Bronze Age. This burials belonged to the Tash-Bayir cemetery, located on the Neyzats area in 1000—800 BC. It was excavated in previous seasons. Most of the burials are contained the following grave goods: the red lacquered ceramics and hand-made wares, mouth-piece, fibulas, knives, mirrors, knucklebones, rings, earnings, bracelets, beads. During the excavations in 2010 was revealed the burial of a child. Human`s remains were covered by the amphorae fragments. In this archaeology season was also found the horse`s burial with two dogs. One of a dog had the bronze collar. A characteristic feature of this cemetery is that among the graves was dug a pit filled with hand-made, red lacquered and glass wares. During the excavations were found 3 pits of this kind. In the excavation area of the north-western part of the cemetery was covered the occupation layer at a depth of 1 m. The layer covered the burials and rich with fragments of the wares dates to the 4th — the beginning of the 5th cent. AD. From this level were dug a lot of pits. Some of them were used for filled with the wares. Proceedings of the excavations in 2010 confirmed the conclusion that at the cemetery Neyzats from the 2nd century AD buried Sarmatians who had settled in this land. In 3rd century they were joined by Alan medieval ancestors from the North Caucasus. The cemetery ceased to function in the end of the 4th century AD.

Bibliography

    • Храпунов И.Н., Власов В.П., Мульд С.А., Стоянова А.А., Шапцев М.С. Раскопки памятников римского времени в предгорном Крыму // Археологічні дослідження в Україні 2008 — 2007 рр. — К., 2009. — С. 309 — 310.
    • Храпунов И.Н., Мульд С.А. Исследования могильника Нейзац в 2009 г.// Археологічні дослідження в Україні 2009 рр. — К., 2010. — С. 451 — 452.