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  • Mala Kopanya (Horodyshche)
  • selo Mala Kopanya, Vynohradivs’kyy rayon, Zakarpats’ka oblast`
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    Credits

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    Periods

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    Chronology

    • 100 BC - 0 AD
    • 0 AD - 300 AD
    • 99 BC - 50 BC
    • 901 AD - 1200 AD

    Season

      • In 2007 an expedition of Uzhgorod National University continued excavation at the Mala Kopanya hillfort. An investigation of the north-west periphery of the hillfort (at the tract Chellenytsya) was initiated. 6487 trenches and 1 excavation were carried out, over a total area of 648 m2. Here were found sherds of Dacian pottery, iron buckles, knives, and bits with cheek-pieces. The excavation I, 36 ×16m in size, was close to rampart 6. Much material was found at a depth of 0,05 – 0, 7 m. No stratigraphic divisions were obvious. Six graves were excavated, five of the in an east-west row separated by 3,2–4,4 m. Burial a:The bones were placed in a dipper-urn in the pit at a depth of 0,4 m. There was an iron fibula near the urn. Burial 2: Two dippers-urns were found at 0, 3 m depth. In one of them were four bones. Burial 3 wasa cremation in a pit, 0,75 m in diameter, 0, 6 m deep. Besides the bones there were bits with cheek-pieces, an iron buckle, and bronze wire. Burial 4 was a cremation in a pit, 0,45 m in diameter at 0,35–0,45 mdeep. There were 40 bones and an iron fibula. Burial 5. The dipper-urn was at the bottom of a pit, 0,7mdeep. An unidentified iron object was also found.. Burial 6.A dense cluster of bones was found at a depth of 0,3m. There was also an unidentified iron object. The specialty of thisburial mound is the presence of large numbers of two pottery forms – dippers andurns. This year’s excavation at the tract Chellenytsya (natural boundary) helped to confirm the early date of Mala Kopanya to the beginning of the 1st cent. B.C.
      • In the summer of 2009 investigation of the south part of the hillfort was continued. The trench, 28 × 8 m in size, was made near trench XXXVIII.There were a lot of the hand-made and wheel-made Dacian types of pottery. Among the individual finds were an iron knife, fragments of querns, fragments of afibula and a bracelet of the Noric-Pannonian type. The site was dated to the 1st cent. AD. At the tract Chellenytsya (natural boundary) an area of 3050 m2wasexcavated over all, 1580 m2in this season Burial 13 wasa pit 0, 35 mdeep and 1,1 m in diameter. The were vases, adipper, a conical cup with a handle and sherds of decorated pottery. The burial was a dense cluster of bones in the south-west part of the pit. Three pendantswere found, as well as a pendant-pail and burned beads. Burial 14 was a pit, 0,3 m in diameter and 0,4 deep. The width of the burial layer was 0,1 m. Besides the bones there were found an iron buckle, beads and small sherds of Dacian types. Burial 15was at 0,4 m deep ,and 0,45 m in diameter. Besides the bones there were burned beads and sherds of Dacian types. Burial 16was heavily damaged. It contained an iron ring and a knife in the fill. Burial 17 was 0,3 m deep. In the pit was a pot of Dacian type. There were 15 small bones in this pot. Burial 18was 0,3 m . The depth of burial was around 0,1–0,15 m. It contained a hand-made black-polished dipper with 10 burned bones and iron wire. At the burial mound were complexes without bonesat a depth of 0,5–0,6 m. Their grave goods were represented by spearheadsand an umbo.
      • In the summer of 2010 the investigation the hillfort and the burial moundin the eastern part of the Mala Kopanya village continued. The south – east part of the settlement was excavated over an area of 141 m2.The depthof the occupation layer was 1, 8 m. There were two layers. The upper layer, brown, was nearly 0,6 mdeep. The bottom layer, taupe, was of humic consistency. 11 postholes were discovered. In squares Е-Ж-6-7, at 0,8–0,9 m depth was a deposit of clay. There were a lot of individual finds, in two clusters, separated by 10m... There were 4 hand-made pots and sherds of decorated and gray-polished pottery below the clay. Among the tools recovered were a chisel, querns, spindle whorls andknives. Among the weapons were four pikes and a dart. Among the jewelry and clothing accessories were various bronze objects : 8 fibulas, belt pendants and fragments of bracelets. Judging by the fibulas and dippers this part of site dates to first decades of the 1st cent. AD. In the upper layer a rectangular building was investigated. There was pottery of the10th–11thcent. AD.The investigation of the burial mound at the tract Chellenytsya (natural boundary) was also continued over an area of 1448 m2. There were two cremations (19 –20) in pits 0, 5 and 0, 2 m in diameter and 0,25 and 0,15 m in depth. A lot of the finds were found outside the burials. There were weapons, ridingequipment, harness elements jewelry and clothing accessories. Among the weapons were a ritually-bent sword, spears, dart points and arrows. Among the defensive weapons were fragments of umbos. The clothing ornaments were represented by 28 iron fibulae, bronze belt ornaments, buckles, pendants and bracelets. There was also a unique find, an iron pyxis with glass beads, which was burned. This investigation helps to relate items of the tract Chellenytsya (natural boundary) to the Dacian antiquities of the first half of the 1th cent. AD.

    Bibliography

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