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  • Mérida, finca de "Las Rozas"
  • Mérida
  • unknown
  • Spain
  • Extremadura
  • Badajoz
  • Mérida

Credits

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  • AIAC_logo logo

Periods

  • No period data has been added yet

Chronology

  • 1 AD - 599 AD

Season

    • This archaeological intervention is located about 10 km southwest of Mérida, in Las Rozas estate and was caused by a positive result of survey carried out on the lands crossed by the Ruta de la Plata motorway. We did not consider it necessary to conduct drillings since evidence of archaeological remains was visible on the surface. The width of the excavating surface depended on the limits of the motorway from Mérida to Seville; however, the length was determined by the documented remains. Simultaneously with our intervention, archaeological works in three others areas of the motorway section between Mérida and Torremejía have also been carried out; all of these results will provide a broader picture about the framing of this zone in antiquity. The intervention occupied a surface of 1,838 square meters. The initial cutting was around the remains of a circular structure built in adobe, which was perceived on the surface and proved to be a kiln. The intervention was divided into two parts, a northern part and a southern part. As the works in the northern part progressed, two others kilns as well as the substructures of a building associated with the industrial complex (Building O) were found. In the southern part, inhumation burials were also documented, which covered the remains of a structure called Building S. The remains are those of a rural settlement that extended to the southeast, outside the walls of the ancient city, very close to one of the main roads departing from the city. The study of the documented remains suggests that at the beginning of 1st century BC the installation comprised a building (A 13) with a rectangular plan,directly related to the small rectangular kiln with a south-facing central corridor. During the middle of the 1st century AD the A 13 building was enlarged towards the west; there are three rectangular rooms of similar size, possibly used as pigsties. This possibility is supported by the scattered presence of tegulae throughout the site, in levels related to this building, which present footprints of pigs. Furthermore, the findings of small bronze bells in these contexts brings us to relate it to the farming of sheep. Already between the 1st and the 2nd centuries AD the A 3 furnace had been abandoned and covered by the levels of use of a second furnace (A 2), also facing towards the south, but slightly deviating towards the southeast. It show a similar pattern as that of the previous, and it is associated with a number of buildings to the north, corresponding to the floors of small pools. The production of these furnaces is related to the presence of imbrices, column bricks and tegulae with footprints on several associated levels; everything suggests that the manufacture of building material was intended for the self-sufficiency of the complex. Linked to these facilities are rough drainage channelscarved into the rock, used for the clearing of excess waste water from the pottery works. In the early 3rd century AD the building called A 13 and its rebuilding, A 14, had already been abandoned. From this the space ws used as a funerary area. These are inhumations belonging to adult subjects with an almost total absence of both grave-goods and ritual deposits. All of them are oriented west-east and covered by plain tegulae or gable-roof, pthe dead placed in oval pits. In the first half of the 4th century the whole southern area appears to be covered by a humus level which has provided numismatic and ceramic material; because of the large presence of grains, seeds and charcoals we think that it is an agricultural level. This level was then covered by a large lime stratum in connection with the production of the circular kiln. Its dating would correspond to a period between the second half of the 4th century and the first half of the 5th century; this chronology is consistent with the usage of the kiln (A 1) associated with a large building (A 5). This kiln, without a grill and with a continuous bench attached to its walls, was destined to the production of lime, judging by the remains of this material, which covers the inside the chamber. The large dimensions of the chamber suggest production for the market. The annexed building (A 5), rectangular and covered with pitched roof, is a large room connected with two decanting small pools and a number of smaller rooms. This building may have had a similar usage to that of the _fornaces_, a sector which in the tegularia production protects the storage, tools and treatment operations such as the drying of molded tiles. While we cannot date its construction, the abandonment of the lime kiln and the aforementioned building occurred between the end of 4th century and the early 5th century AD. In modern the zone has been used as pastureland, fragmented in large farms engaged in the production of sheep and pigs. In some structures consolidation works were carried out in order to document them suitably. After the archaeological excavation the remains were protected by geotextile and we proceeded to fill the operated area with sand. (translation by Esther Casares Carmona)

Bibliography

    • Nodar Becerra, Raquel y Olmedo Grajera, Ana Belén (2004): "Una instalación industrial junto a la Vía de la Plata. Intervención arqueológica en la finca de 'Las Rozas'", Mérida. Excavaciones Arqueológicas, 2001, 7, pp. 209-230.