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  • Alobre
  • Vilagarcía de Arousa
  • Castro de Alobre / Castro de San Cristobal / Castro de Vista Alegre
  • Spain
  • Galicia
  • Pontevedra
  • Vilagarcía de Arousa

Credits

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Periods

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Chronology

  • 50 BC - 270 AD

Season

    • The excavated zone measure 500 square metres within an hill-fort with a surface of two hectares. This area was occupied from the end of first century BC to the end of the third century AD. Dating derived from the find of an augustan as, located on the floor of a castral structure and the presence of an antoninianus of Claudius II Gothicus, found on the Roman destruction levels. Both dates coincide with the chronology of the other archaeological materials recovered: ceramic remains characteristic of final stage of Galician Iron Age (Vigo- type and Cíes-type rims and Toralla type handles) dated from the first century BC to the first century AD; Iberic and Late-Punic pottery; type B Campanian dated from the third century BC to the first century AD; _terra_ _sigillata_ _italica_; Betic mortaria and Augustan Roman lamps (Dressel 9A). The oldest amphora remains are sherds of T.7.4.3.3 and Dressel I, dated from the second to the first century BC; however there were also sherds of LC67, from the first century BC and Haltern 70 from the first century BC to the first century AD. The oldest fibulas are La Tene y Transmontano types, dated from the second century BC to the first century AD; the latest are Omega Type (I a. C. – II d. C.) and _cingulae_ fibulae dated from the first century BC to the second/third century AD. The most recent archaeological materials are pieces of _terra_ _sigillata_ _hispanica_ from _Tritium_ _Magallum_ and remains of Dressel 14 amphora dated from the first to the second century AD. Data supplied by archaeological intervention carried out in the north-western part of the Alobre hill-fort suggest that, possibly during the first century BC, after or immediately after the collapse of Castral structures, almost all excavated area was buried under a shelly dump. The problem here is that the reoccupation of this zone with the original people from the settlement, is an hypothesis difficult to consider. On the other hand, dating of the materials from the shelly deposit (Iron Age III) suggest that the dump had been moved from its original position to level the field. On this surface a Roman occupation was confirmed, as indicate by the material found on the shelly dump; they are most recent than the remains document among the shells. With the information available at present we can conclude that initially the site emerged as a typical Iron Age settlement connected to a coastal area, with structures of circular and oblong plan. In the vicinity of a setting defined in this manner a dump of shells, bones, sherds and metal had progressively accumulated. The remains located at this shelly deposit indicate it was a settlement with a strong commercial focus, the result of its privileged position in the Arousa Ria. During this period imported pieces from the Iberian Peninsula itself as well as from the Mediterranean area arrived: Betican and Italic amphorae, mortaria from the valley of the Guadalquivir, Iberian and Late Punic pottery and also Campanian and Italic Sigillata. This prosperous period ceased through the change of era probably as result of Cantaberian Wars; at this time Castral structures were abandoned and sealed by their destruction deposits. The interpretation of the Roman settlement is complex; we have information related to Alobre on the existence of a Roman necropolis, salting pools, an altar dedicated to Neptune and the remains of mosaics. The data suggest it was a inhabited center of some importance, maintaining the vitality confirmed for the previous period. On the specific excavated area, the scarce remains seem to point the existence of a house, possibly a domus or rooms from a villa. Modern destruction and alterations have seriously affected the southern and western part of the excavated zone making site characterization difficult. (translation by Pilar Alarcón Blázquez)

Bibliography

    • Tomás Botella, V. (2008): "Trabajos arqueológicos para la puesta en valor del Castro de Alobre (Vilagarcía, Pontevedra)", Férvedes: Revista de investigación. 5, pp. 521-530.