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  • Odessos - Thermae
  • Varna
  • Odessos
  • Bulgaria
  • Varna
  • Varna

Credits

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Monuments

Periods

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Chronology

  • 400 AD - 600 AD

Season

    • ODESSOS (Valeri Yotov – valeri.yotov@gmail.com, Alexander Minchev) A large architectural complex was discovered. Its façade was to the southwest and its northwestern part was two-storey. The walls were 0.85 – 1.05 m wide, built in _opus mixtum_, and the roof was covered with tiles. The complex consisted of a cistern, a corridor, a rectangular pool, an ellipsoid pool, a row of parallel rooms and a room paved with bricks. The cistern was 14 m long and its southern wall was 85 cm wide, preserved up to 2.70 m in height. Its inner side was covered with hydraulic plaster. The rectangular pool adjoined the eastern wall of the cistern. It was 3 m wide and covered with hydraulic plaster. Its inner side was faced with marble veneer and there was a drain, 60 cm wide. The corridor was roofed and consisted of two rooms, 2.50 m wide. The ellipsoid pool was situated to the south of the corridor. It measured 7 m by 9 m, covered with hydraulic plaster, and its inner side was faced with marble veneer. An U-shaped structure, 12.50 m by 9.50 m in size, surrounded the ellipsoid pool and there were several stone platforms, 1 m by 1 m in size, built around it, probably to facilitate the access to the pool. There was a room to the north of the pool, connected to the corridor. It was paved with bricks and measured over 9.10 m by 5.40 m. There was a row of parallel rooms situated to the west of the ellipsoid basin and the cistern. Their roof was covered with tiles and their floor was paved with bricks. A coin of Anastasius I Dicorus was found in one of the rooms. The finds from the excavations included Late Antique sherds, mostly from amphorae and small lids, fragments from window glass and marble veneer, and two Late Antique bronze coins. The architectural complex was a nymphaeum that functioned during the 5th – 6th centuries AD.
    • ODESSOS (Alexander Minchev – aleksander.minchev@gmail.com, Valeri Yotov, Elina Mircheva) Two connected rooms with hypocausts were excavated. The southern wall of the southern room was apsidal. The hypocaust was supported by _pilae_ built of stones or bricks and by terracotta tubes, which were covered with bricks and stone slabs. Part of a floor paved with marble slabs was discovered in the northern room. The walls were constructed in _opus mixtum_. The new discoveries, placed in the context of the rooms with pools plastered with hydraulic mortar and faced with marble veneer, excavated in 2018, showed that the building was a thermal complex. The walls in some rooms were faced with marble veneer and color plaster. Tepidaria and caldaria with floors paved with marble plates were situated in the western part of the _thermae_ and a large cistern was constructed close to their northern side. Frigidaria with pools faced with marble veneer were situated to the east. A laconicum with a large ellipsoid pool faced with marble veneer was situated almost in the middle of the building. Apoditeria with floors paved with bricks were situated in the southeastern part of the building. A sector of a wall was discovered, 90 cm wide and built in _opus mixtum_, probably the northern wall of the _thermae_. The finds included over 250 copper coins, mostly of the 4th – 6th centuries AD, glass fragments, sherds, mostly from amphorae and their lids, but also from imported red-slip pottery, a bronze clasp from a toiletries box showing a figurine of Heracles. Judging from the finds, the building functioned during the 5th – 6th centuries AD and was reconstructed and repaired at least once or twice. During the second half of the 6th century AD, the building was damaged probably during an earthquake and subsequently it was not reconstructed and was abandoned.

Bibliography

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