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  • Caska - gospodarski kompleks
  • Caska, Novalja
  • Cissa
  • Croatia
  • Lika-Senj
  • Town of Novalja

Credits

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  • AIAC_logo logo

Periods

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Chronology

  • 75 AD - 250 AD

Season

    • In 2002, the staff of the Archaeological Museum in Zadar excavated test trenches on a cadastral parcel no. 1941/24 in Caska and found the remains of three walls from the Roman period. During 2005, archaeological excavations began at the initiative of the owner. The research was conducted from October 28 to November 29 and began with geodetic and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys that covered most of the land plot of about 480 m2. GPR survey indicated zones with a higher concentration of solid materials and linear structures, so test archaeological trenches were placed at these locations to confirm the existence of archaeological remains. Trench 1 was excavated to a depth of 150 cm, and at trench 2 an average depth of 80 to 100 cm was reached, while the total excavated area is 320 m2. In these trenches, the following archaeological remains were discovered: remains of stone and brick walls bound with mortar (total length 62.5 m) from two architectural phases; the remains of large vessels – dolia: three large (about 160 cm in diameter) and one smaller (80 cm in diameter), intended for the storage of cereals or other food products; the remains of a latter floor that overlaid the older phase; intact remains of an infrastructure canal (10.8 m long and 1.2 m wide for water supply or sewerage) built of stone slabs bounded with mortar; and archaeological artefacts: pottery, tegulae, metal objects, coins, glass, animal bones, shells, snails. The archaeological remains unearthed are parts of a complex from the Roman period which, according to current data, existed from the end of the 1st to the middle of the 3rd century. Among the excavated structures, it is possible to distinguish two construction phases. The economic purpose of the complex was confirmed for the first phase of the site by the finds of built-in ceramic vessels (dolia). The purpose of the complex during the second phase cannot yet be more precisely defined. Within the complex, there was a well-preserved infrastructure channel. The span of ceramic tableware ranges from luxurious terra sigillata and terra nigra to coarse, black-and-grey thick-walled kitchen pottery. These are mostly standard forms of pottery for everyday usage, i.e. cups, jugs, bowls and plates. Fragments of two amphorae were found, three oil lamps, one of them with the FORTIS stamp, tegula with the PLOC stamp and a large number of sherds of indeterminate pottery. Five pieces of bronze coins, a bronze hook, a bronze fibula, iron shackles and lead plates were found among the metal objects. The glass fragments belong to small jugs, a long-necked bottle and a glass, while other pieces are too small for determination (G. Skelac 2006, Hrvatski arheološki godišnjak 2/2005, 281–283).
    • In 2006, excavation was continued on the economic facilities of the Roman villa rustica in Caska. Excavation in 2005 was interrupted due to bad weather conditions at the end of November, and it continued in May 2006. In the residential part of the site, a georadar survey of a smaller scope was also conducted, by which the imposing remains of Roman architecture were recorded. On that area, of approximately 320 m², the excavation continued, and all the layers with traces of human activity were explored. The area was divided into several trenches and quadrants measuring 2 x 2 m. In the southeastern part of the area (trenches 2 and 3), in addition to three large fragmented dolia discovered in 2005, under a later floor made of solid plaster, three more were found this year. A total of 6 dolia, over 1.5 m in diameter, are placed in two parallel rows suggesting a cella vinaria . In the northwestern part of the area (trench 4), two square outlines of the walls were observed. Excavations revealed that these were the walls of two basement rooms with a depth of about 2.4 meters. The former storage area gradually became a waste pit with a large amount of diverse archaeological finds. The infrastructural drain (cloaca) in Trench 1 was completely excavated. It was built from irregular limestone blocks bound with solid plaster, and covered with irregular sandstone slabs. The interior was levelled with limestone plaster, and the floor was paved with tegulae. The outer width of the channel is around 1.25 m, and the height is 1.10 m. The inner width is approximately 40 cm, and the height is 60 cm. In the area around the dolia, in Trenches 2 and 3, and around the drain in Trench 1, a small number of artefacts were found. Most of them were found in Trench 4, in the excavated basement rooms. Among the metal finds a large number of bronze and iron nails, bronze bucket fittings, several Aucissa fibulae, a zoomorphic fibula with a depiction of a lion with prey, part of a tweezer, and a decorative needle with relief should be singled out. The coins found at the bottom of the basement are the oldest found so far - a half denarius with a depiction of Janus and a sestertius with a depiction of Caesar and Octavian (with a ship's bow on the reverse). Both coins are from the 1st century BC. With these finds, the range of coins from this site extends from the 1st century BC to the 4th century AD. The most significant group of finds consists of fragments of a large number of amphorae, jugs and glasses, i.e. a repertoire of vessels for storing/keeping and consuming wine. Glasses or cups made of terra sigillata are of exceptional quality. More than 20 workshop stamps were found on them, so it will be possible to determine their origin and trade communications with other parts of the Empire (Goran Skelac 2007, Hrvatski arheološki godišnjak 3/2006, 315–316).

Bibliography

    • G. Skelac 2006, Caska – gospodarski kompleks, Hrvatski arheološki godišnjak 2/2005, 281–283.