logo
  • Kara-Tobe
  • AR Krym, Saks`kyy rayon, misto Saky, misto Yevpatoriya, Muzey-zapovidnyk Kara-Tobe
  •  
  • Ukraine
  • Crimea
  • Yevpatoriiskyi Raion

Credits

  • failed to get markup 'credits_'
  • AIAC_logo logo

Periods

  • No period data has been added yet

Chronology

  • 110 BC - 1 BC

Season

    • In 2007 (the investigations of the south-western area) a segment of Scythian citadel`s wall (length 7 m, width to 1,2 m) was discovered. Two rooms were also found adjacent with the wall. The masonry of the wall was an emplecton faced with stones. It was repeatedly reconstructed and strengthened, with a new face which brought its thickness to 1.5 m. In the south-western corner of the citadel was located room 56. There was stripped to the early occupation level, consisting of pressed clay and ash. Room 51 is adjacent to room 56 on the north. It was destroyed by fire in the first quarter of the 1 century AD. A burned deposit mark the 2nd and final construction period.In this room was uncovered a small area along western wall of the citadel. Inside a burned deposit above the floor were found sherds of hand-made pottery, miniature pottery, two burnt deer horns, and the golden end-piece of a hryvna (chest decoration) or a large bracelet. This end-piece was made from thin gold and looks like a truncated conical cuff with a volumetric lion`s head at the end. In the masonry of the southern wall was discovered the top part of a small limestone stele with relief or inscription, consisting of a triangular fronton with acroteria. In south-western area was found two intact graves in rudimentary undercuts. Both burials lack grave goods.In southern area were disassembled fragments of construction remains of the 3rd and of 2nd construction periods.During the investigation of the construction remains it found that most of the area citadel`s wall was additionally constructed extra shell (width — 0,3 —0,4 m). During the excavations in the southern area a paved yard was covered by a layer of ash containing a few sherds of the late 1st century BC- early 1st century AD. , including the neck of aсolorless glass balsamario.In quadrant 72 were found a rectangular dugout 14, partiallly in masonry, and pavements of the 3rd construction period. All of those buildings are dated to the 1st century AD. The dugout 14 differ from other previously-discovered dugouts of the hillfort. It was 3,9 × 3,0 m in size, the depth to 1 m. Along western and eastern walls of the dugout was found a narrow stair against the unplastered lateral surface. The dugout was intentionally filled. Artifacts found in the filling is dated to the last quarter 1 century AD. Of special interest are a terracotta statuette, depicting a boy with a rooster. This dugout is the earliest among the dugouts discovered in the hillfort. In quadrant 72 were found a bronze bracelet with ends resembles snake`s heads, and a small two-edged iron dagger. The dagger was found on the surface of the ancient cultural layer directly under the modern dumps. The well-preserved metal of the dagger may indicate latest more recent origin than the occupation layer.During the removal of the pavement of the upper chronological horizon in room 58 (construction horizon Ib) was found a broken limestone slab with a relief image of a horseman. This relief is similar to the Hellenistic reliefs from territory of the Kingdom of the Bosporus.Also during this season of excavations on the territory of the hillfort 7 grain pits of different sizes were investigated. They are attributed to different periods.
    • In 2008 the expedition initiated by the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Federation continued investigation of Greek-Scythian hillfort of Kara-Tobe located in the western outskirts of Saki river in north-western Crimea. Excavations were conducted on two main areas: to the south and southwest of the Central Tower of the hillfort, and to the east and north-east of it. The overall area under investigation in 2008 was about 312 sq.meters. As a result of excavations held to the south and southwest of the Central Tower a southwestern corner of the outer wall of the Scythian citadel was fully unclosed, and archaeologists proceeded with investigating the structures which were adjacent to it internally. These structures included rooms which were revealed earlier (35, 51, 56), and a yard between the rooms 56 and 17, dated to the IInd construction period (Scythian). Here the archaeologists discovered early residential levels, attributed to the beginning of this period (horizon 2a, the second half of the Ist century BC.). The levels are marked by signs on the floor, while in the yard the levels can be traced by the remnants of initial pavement, which has poorly preserved. In the adjacent rooms 35 and 51 there are traces of heavy local fire which happened there in the late Ist century BC. There are not any distinctive finds in this layer. The work carried out southwest of the tower made it possible to identify more precisely and verify periods when this building was constructed. On the additionally uncovered space in southern areas of the site, particularly in the upper layers, some fragments of walls and stones dated to the IV-IIIrd construction periods were identified. Along the eastern premises of the Central Construction Complex, as they stretched to the south, the researchers partially excavated two round Scythian dugouts dated to the third quarter of the Ist century BC (the dugouts cross each other). Within one of them there is a rectangular projection; probably it served as an entrance. In the southern plot three new intake graves were revealed. They contained no funeral wares and are attributed to the Late Medieval graveyard which had been located here. To the east of the Central Tower archaeologists studied the floor within the room 60, as well as in the northern part – within the room 57. The rooms are related to different horizons of the Central Construction Complex (Ist construction period: late IInd - first third of the Ist century BC). There are many pits and dugouts covering this area. The northern part of the eastern facade of the Central Tower eastern wall was fully uncovered, and thus this wall was completely studied. On the newly uncovered areas located northeast of the Central Tower no traces of the northern wall of the Scythian citadel were found. In the north the citadel’s border is located further from the tower than from any other side. Moreover, on the newly uncovered area researchers partially excavated a new Scythian room 64, which is adjacent to the room 61 on the north. The occupation level of room 64 is marked by a clay floor and it is dated to the construction horizon 2b (first quarter of the Ist century). In one corner of the room there is a semicircular stone fence, in the center - a clay table, and near one of the walls – the body of a Sinop amphora, which was dug into earth. On another area, where excavations were carried to the northeast of the Central Tower, no stone construction remains were found. Apparently, they were completely dismantled in ancient times. Also, in 2008 on the territory of the hillfort 16 grain pits were investigated. They are attributed to different periods and their depth reached 2.5 m. Ceramic fragments dominated among finds. Of special interest are: three bronze wire bracelets, a bronze fibula (Middle-La Tène culture pattern), several iron and bronze arrows, including a two-blade arrow with a creeper, which accidently appeared to be here, and a large three-blade arrow, perhaps, from the catapult. Other finds are: a bronze coin (poorly preserved), four stamps on amphora handles, and a few blurry graffiti.

Bibliography

    • Внуков С.Ю. Раскопки на Кара-Тобе у г. Саки // Археологические исследования в Крыму в 1993 г. - Симферополь, 1994. – С. 60-67. Внуков С.Ю. Исследования в окрестностях г. Саки в 1994 г. // Археологические исследования в Крыму в 1994 г. - Симферополь, 1997. – С. 66-68. Внуков С.Ю. Раскопки городища и некрополя Кара-Тобе у г. Саки в 1998 г. // Проблемы истории, филологии, культуры. VIII. – М., - Магнитогорск, 1999. – С. 207-211. Внуков С.Ю. Кара-Тобе. Ворота Северо-Западного Крыма. Симферополь, б.г. (2000). – 14 с. Внуков С.Ю., Лагутин А.Б. Земляные склепы позднескифского могильника Кара-Тобе в Северо-Западном Крыму // Поздние скифы Крыма. Труды ГИМ. - Вып. 118. - М., 2001. - С. 96-121. От киммерийцев до крымчаков (народы Крыма с древнейших времен до конца 18 в.). – Симферополь: ДОЛЯ, 2006. – 288 с.