Archaeological investigations were undertaken during work for laying sewer-pipes and the restructuring of the area in front of the church of S. Maria. The resulting data was used to create a reasonably accurate reconstruction of the complex events recorded by the rich stratigraphy of Testona from the Roman to medieval period. Situated at the extremity of the foothills of the Po Hills, the area’s morphology is rather varied, ranging from a level plain, on which the church of S. Maria stands, to slopes of varying steepness. In, the southernmost sector, E, two wall segments were identified whose characteristics and brick pattern dated them to the 13th-14th century. Further up the slope, towards the north, in Sector F1 a segment of wall 82 cm wide, built up against the terrain was investigated. In the early medieval period, when the structure was still visible, two graves were dug in the area to the south. The earliest, in an anthropomorphic masonry-built “cassa” with a brick covering, contained the remains of a male child. The later burial was the inhumation in an earth grave of an adult male. Subsequently, a structure cobble-built was erected, of which only one course survived. In Sector F2, following occupation in the Roman period, a large cobbled surface and an imposing structure built of large cobbles, stones and tile fragments, preserved at foundation level, were constructed in the early medieval period. Aligned with the slope, the latter was probably part of a defensive system that was later dismantled. Following a period of abandonment, traces of a settlement attest that the area was again occupied. This settlement was perhaps destroyed by fire and then subjected to robbing. In Sector F3 the Roman settlement was attested by a wall built of split stones alternating with cobbles, joining another wall at a right angle. The structure was flanked by postholes at a distance of about one metre. Later, a beaten earth surface was laid over alluvial deposits and late antique walls. This may be interpreted as a road which the very compact nature of the deposits suggests was in use for a long period. Other segments of wall were uncovered at the northern end of the trench. Sector G1, in the square in front of the church of S. Maria, revealed other stretches of Roman wall which seemed to define a small room. This was followed by an early medieval building phase. In front of the church the removal of the old paving revealed seven late medieval burials. These were adult inhumations in earth graves, one of which had a Pecten iacobaeus shell on the pelvis (one of the offshoots of the via Franchigena passed by Testona). In the square, in Sectors G3-G6, stretches of wall were seen, some of which perhaps relating to a 16th century Cistercian monastery.