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  • Chellah
  • Région : rabat salé zemmour zaër préfecture de Rabat
  • Sala
  • Morocco
  • Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
  • Sale

Credits

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Periods

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Chronology

  • 100 AD - 400 AD
  • 1200 AD - 1500 AD

Season

    • The principal aim of our study, besides the presentation of various components of the commercial and artisanal zone of the site of Sala, is chronological. We have managed to date the various constructions that we have studied. In effect the urbanism of this area does not seem to respond to a pre-disposed plan. Many additions and corrections took place during the period of its use, resulting in the aspect revealed by the excavations. The essential traits of its history are now, after a long study, reasonably clear. This study was based on the materials from various sondages, and are substantially different from those proposed by J. Boube, who dated the construction of the area variously to the Mauretanian and to the Roman periods, without ever furnishing reasons for these dates. Furthermore, the material he studied remains unknown. Thus the first occupation of the quarter, apparently constructed on virgin soil, dates to the end of the first or the beginning of the second century AD, a period when the city changed its aspect thanks to major urban development, which included the construction of a forum, a capitolium, a basilica and, a bit later, the erection of a triumphal arch. This period also saw the building of the forum baths, a nymphaeum, a public fountain and a _castellum aquarum_. During the second and third centuries, commercial spaces were added to the area. Then, at the end of the third and during the fourth centuries were installed three oileries, H1, H2 and H3. At the end of the Roman occupation of the area, which would coincide with the abandonment of the town of Sala, Boube proposed that the quarter was given over to stables. The area was occupied during the Islamic period, although only sporadic traces of this remain, and we cannot attribute a specific function to it. The quarter was also productive: of oil and perhaps other merchandise. This gives us an idea of the local economy: nothing excludes exports from here to other cities in Tingitana and perhaps to other provinces. The city was, through the centuries, a market open to imports from the Mediterranean. It has thus been useful to evaluate briefly and synthetically the insertion of Sala into the commercial sphere of Tingitana and the Mediterranean in Antiquity based on the multiple objects and products of this commerce – notably the amphorae and the pottery.

Bibliography

    • "L’archéologie marocaine de 1961 à 1964", B.A.M., 5, 1964, p. 361-378.
    • "L’archéologie marocaine en 1964- 1965", B.A.M., 6, 1966, p. 539-550.
    • "L'archéologie marocaine en 1966-1967", B.A.M., 7, 1967, p. 651-662.
    • "L'archéologie marocaine en 1968 et 1969", B.A.M., 8, 1968-1972, p. 241-248.
    • "Les origines phéniciennes de Sala de Maurétanie", B.C.T.H., 17 B, 1981, p. 155-170.
    • Les nécropoles de Sala, éd. Recherche sur les civilisations, Paris, 1999.
    • Les monuments des eaux à Sala dans l’Antiquité, thèse de doctorat, Paris 1, 2007.
    • "Données préliminaires sur le quartier à vocation artisanale de Sala", Actes du colloque international, La ville au quotidien, regards croisés sur l’habitat et l’artisanat antique, Afrique du Nord, Gaule et Italie, Aix-en-Provence, 23 et 24 novembre 2007, Aix-en-Provence, 2011, p. 203-211.
    • "Les huileries de Sala", International Symposium, Olive oil and wine production in eastern mediterranean during Antiquity, Urla-Izmir, 17-19 novembre 2011 (sous presse).
    • "Réflexions sur l'économie de l'huile à Sala de l'époque maurétanienne à l'époque romaine", Premier colloque sur le patrimoine maure du Maroc antique, à Fès, le 29, 30 et 31 mars 2013 (sous presse).