Excavation continued on the Uluzzo C deposit in order to gather further data regarding the transitional phases from the middle to the upper Palaeolithic in Italy. This corresponds with the arrival in Europe of Homo sapiens and the extinction of the Neanderthals, in a territory, which for the abundance of sites, richness of the deposits and the overlapping of chronological-cultural phases, is fundamental for the reconstruction of the anthropological systems in this phase of prehistory. The need to increase the available data about the prehistory of the Salento is the direct result of studies in recent years whose new anthropological and chronological evidence shows that the Salento is the area in Europe with the earliest evidence for Homo sapiens. Unfortunately, the lack of new data and inadequacy of the present archaeological record (two isolated deciduous teeth from the Grotta del Cavallo), means that as things stand it is very difficult to propose a coherent and complete model for Homo sapiens’ settlement of Italy. This project is born out of the idea of acquiring new archaeological data in the context of a modern excavation, in which to insert, with certainty, any new human fossils, a fundamental step for understanding the dynamics of human settlement in Europe, and more specifically Italy.