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Excavation

  • The Roman Forum of Butrint
  • Butrint
  • Buthrotum

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    Credits

    • The Italian Database is the result of a collaboration between:

      MIBAC (Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali - Direzione Generale per i Beni Archeologici),

      ICCD (Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione) and

      AIAC (Associazione Internazionale di Archeologia Classica).

    • AIAC_logo logo

    Summary (English)

    • In the season of 2006, the excavations were focused in the area of Tripartite Building, which is part of Butrint’s Forum. This building is situated at the north end of the central square of the ancient city and dated to the 1st century AD or earlier. It was originally a large and imposing structure housing Roman shrines. An inscription to Minerva Augusta found in the central chamber suggests that the tripartite building was a capitolium, containing temples dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva.
      The north end of the forum is now known to have encompassed the tripartite building, and the so-called ‘magazine’ (store room) to its east. It is now clear that the vaulted ‘magazine’ is actually a two-storey building approached by about 20 marble steps from the forum floor, making it the most prominent structure in the forum, perhaps even a temple of the imperial cult.
      A sacred well adjacent to the tripartite building drew on water from a natural fissure running along the base of the acropolis. In the Hellenistic period a rock-cut cascade funnelled water from the acropolis into a channel along the west side of the buildings.

      Hellenistic phases of activity were also found cut into the bedrock beneath the tripartite building. Two large votive pits were excavated containing vast quantities of ceramics, including a terracotta sculpture of a Bacchic reveller and a silver amulet of a caduceus depicting the two entwined snakes of the Greek god Hermes. In a later deposit an extremely rare and exceptional intaglio glass gems was found depicting a semi-nude standing nymph wearing a shawl draped about her shoulders. It is likely to have been manufactured in Rome in the 1st century AD and attests to the eminence of the Roman aristocracy at Butrint.
      Sometime after the mid-3rd century AD a dramatic rearrangement of space and function took place, including the demise of the forum as a public centre and the abandonment and plundering of the tripartite complex. The forum pavement was buried, the marble steps of the tripartite building were robbed, statuary was systematically dismantled and destroyed and a substantial terrace was created in front of the tripartite building.
      Thereafter occupation of the area was sporadic until the 6th or 7th century, when numerous burials were interred. Further rearrangement took place under Byzantine rule and in the medieval period the tripartite building was used for habitation and further burials associated with a nearby church. From the latest deposits emerged a 16th-century silver coin of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, who campaigned in this region in the 1530s and under whose reign the Ottoman Empire reached its apogee.

    Director

    • Richard Hodges - ICAA-International Center for Albanian Archaeology / IWA-Institute of World Archaeology, University of East Anglia

    Team

    • David Hernandez - University of Notre Dame

    Research Body

    • IWA - Institute of World Archaeology, University of East Anglia

    Funding Body

    • Butrint Foundation
    • Packard Humanities Institute

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