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  • Trinità-S. Massimo
  • Piano di Sorrento
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    Credits

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    Periods

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    Chronology

    • 400 BC - 79 AD

    Season

      • In order to check for the presence of archaeological remains in a construction site for three buildings, an area of over 1.200 m2 was investigated and various occupation levels were identified. The first phase, dating to the early imperial period, was represented by a well belonging to the so-called Formiello aqueduct which supplied _Surrentum_. The other archaeological traces were agricultural, consisting of interventions of land reclamation in order to regiment torrent waters and the creation of artificial terraces, datable to sometime before 79 A.D. Below this terracing a complex of Hellenistic buildings, including two kilns was revealed, obliterated by clay waste, fragments of brick, dolia and black glaze pottery. The circular kilns had a base of small squared tufa blocks and bricks and the upper part was cut into the tufa. The two combustion chambers shared a _praefurnium_. The entrance to the _praefurnium_ was linked to a track cut into the tufa onto which faced rustic buildings of 5th-4th and 2nd-1st century B.C. date. The latter were abandoned before 79 A.D. The axis on which the complex, perhaps to be interpreted as a Samnite _pagus_, was orientated was a road, which from the coast followed the course of the S. Massimo torrent inland in a north-east/south-west direction. The road was delimited by low dry-stone walls of tufa blocks. It was buried by alluvial deposits before the eruption of 79 A.D. Beside the road, the terrain also revealed sixteen tombs of 4th century B.C. date, cut into the natural hill slope. These were simple graves lined with blocks with a cover of flat tiles or tufa slabs. Outstanding amongst the tomb groups was that comprising fifteen vases, mainly red-figure, and that with three black glaze vases, as well as a splendid red-figure crater.
      • Investigation of the necropolis discovered during the previous excavation campaign led to the recovery of tomb groups ranging in date from the end of the 4th to the 2nd century B.C. Worthy of note was that from tomb n. 27, dating to the first half of the 4th century B.C., perhaps of a small girl, comprising four statuettes of cloaked females and four terracotta fruits, a _pyxis_ of the _kemai_ type, a bronze mirror placed by the left side of the body, a small terracotta female head in relief, similar to an antefix, placed on the chest and, above all, two interesting terracotta statuette-dolls.
      • Exploration of the late archaic-classical necropolis continued in which the distribution of lots could be seen. This was probably based on social class considering the distinct grouping of modest burials and burials with rich tomb groups, and family grouping considering the association of one or two adult burials with a number of children and infants. The majority of burials were in tufa coffins, although there were cremations in pits, whose tomb groups on the whole confirmed Sorrento’s connection with the Etruscanised areas of Campania and the presence of Attic materials.

    Bibliography

      • V. Sampaolo 2005, L’attività archeologica a Napoli e Caserta nel 2004, in Atti del XLIV Convegno di Studi sulla Magna Grecia (Taranto 2004), Taranto: 663-705.
      • S. De Caro 2002, L’attività della Soprintendenza archeologica di Napoli e Caserta nel 2001, in Atti del XLI Convegno di Studi sulla Magna Grecia (Taranto 2001), Taranto: 635-675.
      • S. De Caro 2001, L’attività della Soprintendenza archeologica di Napoli e Caserta nel 2000, in Atti del XL Convegno di Studi sulla Magna Grecia (Taranto 2000), Taranto: 865-905.