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  • Phoinike
  • Finiq
  • Phoinike
  • Albania
  • Vlorë County
  • Bashkia Finiq
  • Komuna e Finiqit

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Periods

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Chronology

  • 400 BC - 150 BC
  • 150 BC - 400 AD
  • 400 AD - 600 AD
  • 700 AD - 1200 AD

Season

    • Excavations in 2012 focused on the western part of the hill where the ancient city of Phoinike is located, with the aim of obtaining archaeological data regarding the private constructions of Phoinike, their architectural characteristics and the period of their construction. The first trenches, two in total, were placed on one of the terraces not far from where the house with two peristyles and a structure thought to belong to the Roman period were discovered. At the end of the excavation in this trench, no important data was collected due to the almost total lack of structures and the shallow depth of the trench , which reached the natural rock. Two other trenches numbered 3 and 4 were opened in sector C4. They are positioned in a space limited to the east by a wall with north-south direction, composed of medium and large stone blocks. At the end of the excavation in these trenches, it was possible to identify the presence of at least four layers. A first layer consisting of dark colored humus, which was placed over a layer rich in ceramic material. The third layer consisted of rich material consisting of tiles, stones, as well as common ceramics of the Hellenistic period. The last layer covering the floor, consisting of natural rock, worked and leveled in the central part of the trench by means of a cocciopesto filling, which has a circular shape of about 1 m in diameter. To the west of sector C4 another trench was opened where important data was collected regarding the use of this terrace for the construction of a private structure. The ceramic material recovered during the excavation in this trench consists of pottery, tiles and material resulting from the destruction of the walls of the structure. The old floor has not yet been reached with certainty, but it seems that even in this case we are dealing with the arrangement and systematization of the natural rock. Based on the material found, we think that this newly discovered structure may belong to the end of the third century BC or the first half of the second century BC, which was followed by ruin and abandonment around the beginning of the first century AD. After this period, this area was apparently no longer used for housing.
    • During the year 2018, excavations were focused on two sectors of the ancient city, sectors A11 and A5. In Sector A11, excavations were concentrated on the southern slope of the terrace, aiming to identify and reveal the southern limits of the structure. As a result, a wall of the first terrace of very large dimensions (width about 90cm), built in an opus incertum technique, was discovered. The wall is about 22m long and the period of the construction remains to be determined. Above it, a second terrace wall with a smaller width, about 60cm, can be seen and was built with a different technique. The preserved length of this wall is approximately 18m. It is dated to the mid-imperial roman period. To model the terrace, a third wall was built, of large dimensions, which most likely dates between the Vth and Vith centuries AD. For its construction, abundant lime mortar and many reused materials were used. The numerous finds testify a dense utilization of this space, confirmed by the presence of buildings, various deposits and several graves. In sector A5, the aim of the excavation was the complete discovery of a building constructed with massive blocks, which in terms of style and technique dates to the Hellenistic period (3rd century BC), and perhaps functioned as a stoa. At the same time, some work was done to understand the phases of the church located within the perimeter of the stoa, which dates to the VIth-XVIth centuries. It seems that a good part of the blocks of the stoa were removed in a period which is thought to be before the VII century AD. After the abandonment, the first building built in this area of the city, as documented by the excavations, is the small church with an apse, for the construction of which blocks of the stoa were reused. The area around the church was used as a cemetery, from the early Middle Ages until the XVIth century. Its function continued until the second half of the XVIth century. A good part of the graves of the final phase are associated with this phase, which were also excavated during this year.
    • The excavations during the year 2019 were focused on the same sectors as the previous years, A11 and A5, adding more information about this important public area of the ancient city. In sector A11, the excavations aimed to identify the southern end of the second terrace, consisting of a succession of wall structures - running east-west. Also noted is the presence of a Hellenistic period phase, in the deeper layers of the excavation areas represented by a series of sandstone blocks identified at the southern edge of the terrace. A second wall with sandstone blocks, with an east-west orientation, was identified during the excavation carried out room nr. 17. A second phase identified in this wall, which involves the use of mortar in the construction of the wall, is thought to date to the Roman period. The continuation of the excavations towards the west brought to light a structure with opus incertum masonry, which we think dates to the third phase of construction, in the age of Augustus, and is over 8m long and in the upper part of which several openings are created, formed a kind of portico. This wall is part of a terrace, the full length of which is estimated to be around 23m. The fourth construction phase dates to the Traianic-Hadrianic period and is associated with a wall built with opus incertum using local limestone, alternating with four regularly rows of bricks, the height of which is about 1m. The fifth phase is dated in the Justinianic period, and is connected with a wall 16m long and 3m ide, for the construction of which are used many architectural fragments from the preceding periods. In the A5 sector, the excavations were concentrated in the area of the stoa of the Hellenistic period, within the perimeter of which, starting from the VI century AD a church as constructed. During this campaign, only the cleaning of the surrounding area was done, in order to prepare it for the continuation of the excavations. The clearing brought to light the presence of many graves, the excavation of which will continue during future campaigns. At the same time, two structures were identified that are located respectively in the north and south of the stoa: the structure in the north seems to belong to the medieval period and was built with dry-bonded stones and reused materials
    • The Albanian-Italian archaeological mission has been working on the hill where the ruins of the ancient city of Phoinike are located and in the surrounding area for over 20 years. The ancient city of Phoinike is located on an elongated hill with a north-south direction in the Delvina basin, in Southwestern Albania, in the territory of the Municipality of Finiq. Over the years, the Albanian-Italian project has discovered a large number of monuments from the Hellenistic, Roman, Late Antique and Medieval periods. Research in the last two decades has focused on the agora, the fortification, the theater of the Hellenistic and Roman periods, the two-peristyle dwelling, and the southern necropolis. In the 2021 campaign, excavations were focused on the western terraces of the agora area. The excavations revealed the Hellenistic terrace, on which the terrace of the early Roman imperial period and later that of the middle imperial period were built. The Justinian period terrace was built on this layer, where part of a sculpture was also found in the preparatory layer. The headless and limbless sculpture belongs to a female figure. The last phase of the terraces belongs to the medieval period.

Bibliography

    • B. MUKA, G. LEPORE., “Fushata kërkimeve të vitit 2021 në Foinike/ 2021 research campaign in Phoinike”, Candavia, 9, 2022, pp. 161-168.
    • SH. GJONGECAJ, G. LEPPORE., “Raporti i veprimtarive të projektit Phoinike gjatë viteve 2018/2019”, Candavia, 8, 2020, pp. 275-291.
    • S. DE MARIA, SH. GJONGENCAJ., (2013) Rezultatet e gërmimeve në Finiq - 2012, Iliria, 37, p. 321–331