Season Team

• AIAC_2234 - Gabi - 2009
  Con l’estate 2009 sono iniziati gli scavi su larga scala di Gabii condotti nell’ambito del Progetto Gabii. In base alla pianta prodotta dalle indagini geofisiche sono state scelte due aree di scavo; una sulle pendici del cratere del Castiglione a nord-est del santuario di Giunone Gabina e l’altra a sud della moderna via Prenestina. Nel corso di otto settimane, queste aree sono state pulite e si è dato avvio allo scavo, con attività principali concentrate per il 2009 nella zona più settentrionale delle due aree di studio scelte; nell’area meridionale sono stati aperti saggi di verifica. All’interno dell’area principale di indagine si notava una forte anomalia magnetica durante la ricognizione che si è rivelata essere una strada laterale della griglia urbana e questo manufatto ha aiutato a determinare la dislocazione dell’area di scavo. Un resto archeologico immediatamente visibile è stato dunque la strada laterale già identificata con la ricognizione. Tale strada, che dovrebbe andare ad unirsi all’asse stradale principale della città, ha già dimostrato di possedere fasi multiple, incluse evidenze preliminari che suggeriscono una costruzione originaria al V sec. a.C. Altri rinvenimenti includono un possibile complesso industriale databile dalla tarda Repubblica alla prima età imperiale e un numero crescente di tombe ad inumazione di epoca tardoantica che rappresentano chiaramente una cesura definitiva nell’uso dello spazio urbano e possibilmente riflettono la contrazione generale delle zone occupate della città, come suggerito anche dalle indagini di superficie condotte da M. Guaitoli alla fine degli anni Settanta del secolo scorso. Gli scavi continueranno nel 2010, indagando le aree già aperte e espandendole con lo scopo di esporre resti archeologici anche più salienti.
• AIAC_2234 - Gabi - 2010
  In 2010 work at Gabii continued on two areas of investigation – a main, open-area excavation sector located north of the modern via Prenestina and under the authority of the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma and a second area to the south of the modern road under the authority of the Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici per il Lazio. A private airfield for light aircraft currently occupies part of the southern portion of the ancient city. In the main excavation area, work resumed within three separate stratigraphic basins that were initially identified and opened in 2009. These sectors, identified as Areas A, B, and C, respectively, continue to provide evidence for multi-phase use of the site of Gabii and all demonstrate a complex site formation process in which the destructive intervention of both natural weathering processes and mechanical erosion have played a significant role. Area A, the locus in which two elite Sub-Geometric infant burials were discovered in 2009 (viz. Becker and Nowlin, forthcoming), continued to offer evidence for an occupational sequence that centers on an oblong structure whose limits are defined by a system of channels cut directly into the bedrock of the slope of the crater of Castiglione. These occupation levels contained a sequence of floors fashioned in crushed tufo. In Area B, a locus that thus far has proven to contain ca. 25 Imperial inhumations – including a massive lead sarcophagus excavated in July 2009 – has proven to be the site of a multi-phase structure, possibly domestic in nature, that includes a number of rooms as well as a tufo-paved courtyard containing a well shaft cut into the bedrock. The ashlar masonry of the structure suggests that its initial phase may belong to the middle Republican period, but subsequent use, re-use, and modification complicate the picture. The final phase of the structure may belong to the late 1st century AD, at some point after which the sector of the city that contains the house seems to make the transition from occupied zone to ad hoc necropolis. A number of possible tree-planting pits may suggest a post-abandonment landscape program that could be connected with the contracted Imperial urban nucleus that is presumed to lie along the line of the ancient Via Praenestina. Area C is a locus delimited by two side streets of Gabii’s urban grid that were discovered via geophysical survey in 2007 and 2008 (viz. Becker et al. 2009). Contained within the block is a multi-phase architectural complex whose last phase seems to be industrial in nature, perhaps a fullonica. Earlier structures in ashlar masonry are also evident; these are in phase with floors in cocciopesto. A feature of significant interest in the western part of Area C was a monumental rock-cut tomb that contained two adults; an adult female was deposited in a monolithic tufo sarcophagus while an adult male was found in a stone-cut loculus. The tomb belongs perhaps to a pre-5th c. BC phase of the area as adjacent structures are truncated by the creation of the quasi-orthogonal grid of streets, for which the terminus post quem is the 5th c. BC; ceramics recovered from the fill of the tomb’s cut suggests a date in the first half of the 5th c. BC. Area C also shows, by way of residual pottery, evidence for significant Iron Age activity – and perhaps occupation – in this part of the site. Investigation of these three areas will continue in 2011. In the southern work area (south of the modern via Prenestina), two new sondages were opened, with the goal being to intercept subsurface features identified in 2008 by means of the magnetometry survey. The archaeological materials in these sondages served to confirm the interpretation of subsurface linear features as elements of the quasi-orthogonal grid of streets within the formerly walled urban area of Gabii.
• AIAC_2234 - Gabi - 2011
  In the summer of 2011 the Gabii Project completed its third consecutive season of excavation and fifth overall fieldwork campaign in the ancient Latin city of Gabii. Over the course of three campaigns, a nearly 1-hectare area has been explored by means of excavation. In 2011 a team of over 90 students and archaeologists participated in the work of the project. The 2011 season involved the continued exploration of significant tracts of the city center that were initially opened in 2009, with some portions being subsequently expanded in 2010 and 2011. This summary proceeds in order of overall chronology. For the early first millennium BC the previous excavation [2009] of elite infant tombs (see Becker and Nowlin 2011) signalled the presence of social stratification during the later eighth and seventh centuries BC. Now a series of seventh and sixth century BC occupation horizons within an elite compound points to the continuation of earlier traditions of social complexity. In addition, the deposition of numerous intramural adult inhumation burials in the post-abandonment levels of this elite compound suggests not only that a re-appraisal of adult intramural burial in the archaic period is required but also that the autonomous actions on the part of elites may have played a significant role in the archaic city. The abandonment of archaic levels gives way to a re-planned urban center with a quasi-orthogonal layout, an occurrence of the later fifth to early fourth centuries BC (see Becker, Mogetta, and Terrenato 2009; Mogetta forthcoming). The evidence for this layout was first detected by means of the Gabii Project’s geophysical survey (2007 and 2008; see Becker, Mogetta, and Terrenato 2009; Terrenato et al. 2010) and confirmed by means of the excavation of portions of three side streets. This Republican phase of the city is yielding significant evidence for Mid-Republican architecture with three buildings being excavated in two separate sectors. The early phases of these structures are marked by well-dressed ashlar masonry, paved interior floor surfaces, and the use of massive, monolithic tufo slab pavements around wells and cisterns. These structures are multi-phased and see re-use and re-building until at least the first century AD. The Imperial levels explored so far have yielded over 30 inhumation tombs, most of which are consolidated in an area that seems to be an ad hoc necropolis from the first century AD onward. Remarkable among them is a trio of tombs in which the deceased in encased in lead sheeting; one such tomb was excavated in 2009 and two additional tombs came to light in 2011. This cemetery demonstrates evidence for the contraction of the Imperial city, precipitated at least in part by the activities related to massive quarries along the rim of the Castiglione crater that aimed at exploiting the local bedrock, lapis Gabinus (a type of peperino tufo). The Gabii Project will continue to explore portions of four city blocks of the urban layout in its 2012 excavation campaign.