Name
Interamna Lirenas
Date Range
350 BC – 600
Monuments
Theatre

Seasons

  • AIAC_3604 - Interamna Lirenas - 2014
    The total-coverage geophysical prospection (magnetometry) carried out over the whole urban area of Interamna Lirenas had made it possible to identify not only the main settlement layout, but also relevant monumental features within it. Most prominent of all, next to the forum, was a theatre. This discovery prompt a serious reconsideration of the nature and importance of the settlement, especially since the absence of any archaeological feature hinting to the presence of this kind of building had been taken by our predecessors as a sign of the secondary nature of the town. The 2013 (6x20m) test trench had already verified (a) the close correspondence between the excavated structures and the plan produced through geophysical prospection and (b) the remarkably good state of the buried archaeology (although little was preserved above floor level). The excavation of foundations also made it possible to date the building to the second half of the I century BC, a date which is fully compatible with the building technique employed. In 2014 the trench was further extended by way of another perpendicular section (23x13m) encompassing portions of the cavea, the orchestra and the scaena. The excavation yielded important details that also help appreciate the post-abandonment phases of the building and its state of preservation. First and foremost, the floor of the orchestra is yet to be uncovered, despite the fact that our trench has reached a depth of about 1.70m below the surface. Furthermore, although we have identified the wall of the scaena and one of the hospitalia, the floor of the pulpitum itself is yet to be found. All of this suggests that the structure is in fact better preserved in its lowest levels than originally assumed. As for the scaena wall, whereas the southern face was badly preserved, the northern one yielded extensive in situ remains of frescoes (two sections about 4m in length on each side of the hospitalium). These have not been excavated as it was deemed advisable to carry out this work in the presence of a conservator, something which we have already planned for the 2015 season. Especially interesting is the evidence we have uncovered for an extensive and systematic spoliation process. Large blocks of limestone, in all likelihood part of the cavea originally, are found displaced and broken up – some even stacked vertically against each other for later processing! The thick layer of debris which fills the cavea appears to have been dug trhough at some point in order to allow access to the structures, in accordance to a practice which is well-attested at the site for the whole modern period (used like an open-air quarry). A preliminary analysis of some of the finds from contexts associated with these activities suggest a medieval origin for at least some of them. The presence of a large magnetic anomaly to the NW (as revealed by earlier magnetometry) taken together with the fact that several of the limestone blocks were smashed seems to suggest the presence of a lime kiln nearby.
  • AIAC_3604 - Interamna Lirenas - 2015
    In 2015 the subtrench has been further extended to the North-East and it has been possible to verify how the large stone-blocks (already identified in the course of the preceding fieldwork season) are in fact part of a rather large pile. These blocks obviously result from the spoliation process and, in their secondary deposition, block a passage, bordered by debris on both sides, that had been cut through the foundation of the theatre’s scaena. This passage features several phases as suggested by the presence of various horizontal contexts. Some other structures have emerged and belong to the lower levels of the foundation: as such, they could be related to a sewer, possibly linked with the linear anomaly we already identified in the course of the 2011 magnetometry and which appears to cut across the theatre itself. From the point of view of the general architecture of the building, we have identified the remains of the pulpitum along the scaena. Furthermore, we have recovered rests of a floor which gives an idea of the level of the proscaenium. Remains of the painted plaster on the wall of the postscaenium have also been brought to light: it is preserved up to a height of about 30 cm and it appears to have been decorated with bands of different colours (red, yellow and white). It is clear that after the abandonment of the theatre (a phase whose absolute chronology cannot be defined yet), the area underwent significant transformations (some especially destructive in character) which affected even the foundations. It is not yet possible to provide a sound explanation for these changes and we wait for the study of recovered materials at least to shed light on the chronology. We still have not identified the floor of the orchestra and the limit of the pulpitum towards the cavea, both apparently obliterated by later interventions.
  • AIAC_3604 - Interamna Lirenas - 2016
    In 2016 the excavation of the theatre was been significantly extended and 90% of its plan has now been brought to light (the rest being known thanks to the results of the GPR survey). It is now clear that the theatre had been originally roofed (theatrum tectum), in line with other known examples from Italy and the provinces, and that it had undergone some notable structural modifications at a later stage (second phase). Our understanding of the process of post-abandonment spoliation has considerably improved and we recovered evidence of well-coordinated quarry-like activities dating to the Middle Ages: a central processing area (signalled by a thick layer of very small fragments of limestone) surrounded by piles of stone-blocks, significantly grouped in accordance with their qualities (e.g. colour). We also uncovered a fragment of a large inscription, part of a dedication to a wealthy freedman (a certain Anoptes), most likely a benefactor of the community of Interamna Lirenas. Further geophysical work (GPR) has been taking place over the rest of the urban area, producing an impressively detailed plan of the town, featuring a dense settlement pattern and a hitherto under-estimated monumental character.
  • AIAC_3604 - Interamna Lirenas - 2017
    The 2017 campaign has brought to light the entire plan of the theatre, also bringing to completion the excavation of the _orchestra_ , the _pulpitum_ , the lateral _basilicae_ and the _aditus_ _maximi_ . Inside the main hall, very few (scattered) fragments of dark grey marble are what remains of the flooring of the orchestra. The _proscaenium_ wall (in opus testaceum) is in very bad conditions, for the most part surviving at foundation level. As for the _scaena_ , it is now confirmed that a rich _columnatio_ , featuring imported marbles from all over the Mediterranean, belongs to a second phase. Along the SW side of the building, the central room beneath the _cavea_ has been excavated: directly connected with the outside, it was originally paved with tiles, on top of which a wall in stones bound with mortar was later erected (closing its NE side). One of the secondary entrances has been excavated too: it featured a staircase to the _media/summa_ _cavea_ , of which only the lower step is in fact preserved. In front of it, within a spoliation level, a stone sundial was recovered: it is exceptionally well-preserved and it is inscribed with the name of the person who covered its cost (a certain Marcus Novius Tubula). The geophysical prospection (GPR) within the urban area has been completed, producing an impressively detailed plan of the town, featuring a dense settlement pattern and a hitherto under-estimated monumental character.
  • AIAC_3604 - Interamna Lirenas - 2018
    During the 2018 field season we have carried out limited work aimed at clarifying aspects not only related to the architecture of the theatre, but also linked with the development of this sector of the town. Of special significance was the investigation of a sector of the postscaenium (immediately behind the valvae regiae), which has made it possible to better interpret some structures in travertine blocks (opus quadratum), already identified in 2018, which now appear to belong to an earlier building, demolished to make room for the theatre itself. These remains are made up of two linear parallel structures, abutting what look like the foundations of two pilasters: at the moment we therefore propose to interpret such structures as the remains of the foundations of a porticus, cut and largely removed during as a result of the building of the theatre. We also recorded the presence of six quarry marks, whose characteristics are compatible with a typology which is well-attested in central-southern Italy between the late 5th and early 2nd c. BC. Given that the ceramic materials found in association with these foundations are mostly dated to the 2nd c. BC, we tentatively propose to date this building to the earlier part of that century. Some rooms, originally part of the cavea’s substructures, have been further investigated, bringing to light a thick structure in opus caementicium, whose profile seems to follow the curve of the theatre itself. Even though its precise function is still being discussed, at the moment we are inclined to consider it an element aimed at strengthening the foundations of the theatre.

Media

Name
Interamna Lirenas
Year
2014
Summary
en The total-coverage geophysical prospection (magnetometry) carried out over the whole urban area of Interamna Lirenas had made it possible to identify not only the main settlement layout, but also relevant monumental features within it. Most prominent of all, next to the forum, was a theatre. This discovery prompt a serious reconsideration of the nature and importance of the settlement, especially since the absence of any archaeological feature hinting to the presence of this kind of building had been taken by our predecessors as a sign of the secondary nature of the town.

The 2013 (6x20m) test trench had already verified (a) the close correspondence between the excavated structures and the plan produced through geophysical prospection and (b) the remarkably good state of the buried archaeology (although little was preserved above floor level). The excavation of foundations also made it possible to date the building to the second half of the I century BC, a date which is fully compatible with the building technique employed.

In 2014 the trench was further extended by way of another perpendicular section (23x13m) encompassing portions of the cavea, the orchestra and the scaena. The excavation yielded important details that also help appreciate the post-abandonment phases of the building and its state of preservation.
First and foremost, the floor of the orchestra is yet to be uncovered, despite the fact that our trench has reached a depth of about 1.70m below the surface. Furthermore, although we have identified the wall of the scaena and one of the hospitalia, the floor of the pulpitum itself is yet to be found. All of this suggests that the structure is in fact better preserved in its lowest levels than originally assumed.

As for the scaena wall, whereas the southern face was badly preserved, the northern one yielded extensive in situ remains of frescoes (two sections about 4m in length on each side of the hospitalium). These have not been excavated as it was deemed advisable to carry out this work in the presence of a conservator, something which we have already planned for the 2015 season.

Especially interesting is the evidence we have uncovered for an extensive and systematic spoliation process. Large blocks of limestone, in all likelihood part of the cavea originally, are found displaced and broken up – some even stacked vertically against each other for later processing! The thick layer of debris which fills the cavea appears to have been dug trhough at some point in order to allow access to the structures, in accordance to a practice which is well-attested at the site for the whole modern period (used like an open-air quarry). A preliminary analysis of some of the finds from contexts associated with these activities suggest a medieval origin for at least some of them. The presence of a large magnetic anomaly to the NW (as revealed by earlier magnetometry) taken together with the fact that several of the limestone blocks were smashed seems to suggest the presence of a lime kiln nearby.
it La prospezione geofisica (magnetometria) a copertura totale condotta sull’intera area urbana di Interamna Lirenas ha reso possibile non soltanto definire la pianta generale dell’insediamento, ma anche identificare edifici di carattere monumentale. Di particolare rilievo è stata la scoperta del teatro adiacente al foro. Ciò ha spinto a riconsiderare la natura e l’importanza dell’insediamento nel suo insieme, specialmente in conseguenza del fatto che proprio l’assenza di alcun dato archeologico riferibile a questo tipo di edificio era stata interpretata dai nostri predecessori come segno della natura secondaria della città.

Le verifiche superficiali condotte nel 2013 (su un settore di 6x20m) avevano già verificato (a) la puntuale corrispondenza tra le strutture immediatamente affioranti dalla arature e la pianta prodotta dalla prospezione geofisica e (b) il notevole buono stato di conservazione del sepolto (sebbene poco si fosse conservato al di sopra del piano di calpestio). Il sondaggio delle fondazioni aveva inoltre consentito di datare l’edificio alla seconda metà del I secolo a.C., una data che è pienamente compatibile con la tecnica edilizia impiegata.

Nel 2014 una trincea di scavo (23x13m) è stata aperta perpendicolarmente al settore precedentemente già indagato e in maniera tale da intercettare parte della cavea, dell’orchestra e della _scaena_. Lo scavo ha prodotto importanti dati che aiutano a valutare meglio le fasi post-abbandono dell’edificio ed il suo stato di conservazione.

Innanzitutto va osservato come la pavimentazione dell’orchestra non sia stata ancora raggiunta, nonostante la trincea abbia toccato una profondità di circa 1.70m dalla superficie. Inoltre, sebbene sia il muro della scaena sia uno degli _hospitalia_ siano stati identificati, il piano del _pulpitum_ non è stato ancora portato alla luce. Tutto questo suggerisce quanto la struttura sia nei fatti meglio preservata nei sui livelli più bassi di quanto originariamente ipotizzato.

Per quanto concerne il muro della _scaena_, laddove la facciata meridionale è malamente preservata, quella settentrionale ha presentato resti estesi e ancora _in situ_ di intonaco dipinto (due sezioni di circa 4m di lunghezza ciascuna su entrambi i lati dell’ _hospitalium_ ). Questi resti non sono stati scavati dal momento che è parso opportuno condurre l’intervento alla presenza di un restauratore, così come già pianificato per la campagna 2015.

Particolarmente interessante è l’esteso e sistematico processo di spoliazione i cui resti abbiamo portato alla luce. Grossi blocchi calcarei, con ogni probabilità originariamente parte della cavea, sono stati rinvenuti fuori posto e frantumati – alcuni perfino accatastati l’uno sull’altro verticalmente. Lo spesso strato di detriti che riempie la cavea sembra essere stato scavato ad un certo punto così da consentire di raggiungere le strutture antiche, in accordo con una pratica ben attestata per il sito (uso come cava di materiali da costruzione) per l’intera età moderna. Un’analisi preliminare dei reperti provenienti da contesti stratigrafici associati a queste attività rimanda ad un orizzonte medievale, almeno per alcuni di essi. La presenza di un’ampia anomalia magnetica a NO (così come rivelato dalla precedente magnetometria) unitamente al fatto che parecchi dei blocchi di calcare siano stati intenzionalmente frantumati sembra suggerire la presenza di una calcara.
Director
Martin Millett
Team
Archaeobotanist - Rachel Ballantyne
Pottery specialist - Ninetta Leone

Media

Name
Interamna Lirenas
Year
2015
Summary
en In 2015 the subtrench has been further extended to the North-East and it has been possible to verify how the large stone-blocks (already identified in the course of the preceding fieldwork season) are in fact part of a rather large pile. These blocks obviously result from the spoliation process and, in their secondary deposition, block a passage, bordered by debris on both sides, that had been cut through the foundation of the theatre’s scaena. This passage features several phases as suggested by the presence of various horizontal contexts. Some other structures have emerged and belong to the lower levels of the foundation: as such, they could be related to a sewer, possibly linked with the linear anomaly we already identified in the course of the 2011 magnetometry and which appears to cut across the theatre itself.

From the point of view of the general architecture of the building, we have identified the remains of the pulpitum along the scaena. Furthermore, we have recovered rests of a floor which gives an idea of the level of the proscaenium. Remains of the painted plaster on the wall of the postscaenium have also been brought to light: it is preserved up to a height of about 30 cm and it appears to have been decorated with bands of different colours (red, yellow and white).

It is clear that after the abandonment of the theatre (a phase whose absolute chronology cannot be defined yet), the area underwent significant transformations (some especially destructive in character) which affected even the foundations. It is not yet possible to provide a sound explanation for these changes and we wait for the study of recovered materials at least to shed light on the chronology. We still have not identified the floor of the orchestra and the limit of the pulpitum towards the cavea, both apparently obliterated by later interventions.
it Nel 2015 la sottotrincea è stata ulteriormente estesa verso Nord-Est ed è stato possibile verificare come i grossi blocchi calcarei (già identificati nel corso della campagna precedente) facessero parte di un accumulo abbastanza esteso. Questi blocchi risultano ovviamente dal processo di spoliazione e, in questa loro collocazione secondaria, venivano a bloccare un passaggio, a sua volta bordato da due cumuli stratificati di macerie e ricavato tagliando le fondazioni della _scaena_ del teatro. Questo passaggio appare essersi articolato in più fasi, così come suggerito dal susseguirsi di ampi strati orizzontali. Ai livelli più bassi della fondazione appartengono alcune strutture che potrebbero identificare il percorso di una fognatura, come tale da porsi in relazione con l’anomalia lineare già individuate nel corso della magnetometria 2011 e che sembra attraversare il teatro.

Dal punto di vista dell'architettura generale dell’edificio, è stato possibile identificare resti del _pulpitum_ lungo la _scaena_. Inoltre, il rinvenimento di una pavimentazione in malta lisciata da un’idea del livello di calpestio del _proscaenium_. Al _postscaenium_ del teatro rimanda anche il piccolo sondaggio stratigrafico svolto al fine di valutare l’estensione e lo stato di conservazione dell’intonaco dipinto: l’intonaco si conserva per un'altezza di circa 30 cm e, nella parte visibile, appare decorato con un alternanza di bande orizzontali di colore (rosso, giallo, bianco).

Appare chiaro come, a seguito dell’abbandono del teatro (una fase la cui cronologia assoluta non può ancora essere precisata), l’area sia stata sottoposta a numerosi interventi, soprattutto di carattere distruttivo, che hanno investito le strutture anche a livello di fondazione. Dei motivi di queste scelte non è possibile fornire ora alcuna spiegazione definitiva e si attende il completamento dello studio dei materiali raccolti per illuminarne almeno la cronologia. In ogni caso, il risultato più evidente di queste trasformazioni è dato dal fatto che non è stato ancora possibile individuare tanto il pavimento dell’orchestra quanto il limite del _pulpitum_ verso la cavea, entrambi apparentemente obliterati dai pesanti interventi successivi.
Team
Archaeobotanist - Rachel Backshall - Oxford University
Pottery specialist - Ninetta Leone

Media

Name
Interamna Lirenas
Year
2016
Summary
en In 2016 the excavation of the theatre was been significantly extended and 90% of its plan has now been brought to light (the rest being known thanks to the results of the GPR survey).

It is now clear that the theatre had been originally roofed (theatrum tectum), in line with other known examples from Italy and the provinces, and that it had undergone some notable structural modifications at a later stage (second phase). Our understanding of the process of post-abandonment spoliation has considerably improved and we recovered evidence of well-coordinated quarry-like activities dating to the Middle Ages: a central processing area (signalled by a thick layer of very small fragments of limestone) surrounded by piles of stone-blocks, significantly grouped in accordance with their qualities (e.g. colour). We also uncovered a fragment of a large inscription, part of a dedication to a wealthy freedman (a certain Anoptes), most likely a benefactor of the community of Interamna Lirenas.

Further geophysical work (GPR) has been taking place over the rest of the urban area, producing an impressively detailed plan of the town, featuring a dense settlement pattern and a hitherto under-estimated monumental character.
it Nel 2016 lo scavo del teatro è stato notevolemnte esteso e la sua pianta è stata portata alla luce per circa il 90% (il resto è ormai noto grazie ai risultati delle recenti prospezioni tramite georadar).

Appare ormai chiaro che il teatro fu in origine coperto (theatrum tectum), in linea con esempi noti dall’Italia e dalle province, e che fu sottoposto ad alcune importanti modifiche strutturali in un momento successivo (seconda fase). La nostra comprensione del processo di spoliazione post-abbandono è stata ulteriormente approfondita ed abbiamo riscontrato elementi che attestano ben coordinate attività di estrazione/riutilizzo dei blocchi di pietra durante il Medioevo: un’area centrale di lavorazione (segnalata da uno spesso strato di minuti frammenti di calcare) circondata da grossi frammenti di blocchi di pietra, significativamente raggruppati in relazione alle loro qualità (es. colore). Abbiamo inoltre rinvenuto un frammento di una grande iscrizione, parte di una dedica ad un ricco liberto (un certo Anoptes), molto probabilmente benefattore della comunità di Interamna Lirenas.

Ulteriori indagini geofische tramite georadar sono state condotte all’interno dell’area urbana, restituendo un’immagine assai dettagliata della pianta della città, caratterizzata da un denso impianto insediativo e da un sorprendente carattere monumentale.

Media

Name
Interamna Lirenas
Year
2017
Summary
en The 2017 campaign has brought to light the entire plan of the theatre, also bringing to completion the excavation of the _orchestra_ , the _pulpitum_ , the lateral _basilicae_ and the _aditus_ _maximi_ . Inside the main hall, very few (scattered) fragments of dark grey marble are what remains of the flooring of the orchestra. The _proscaenium_ wall (in opus testaceum) is in very bad conditions, for the most part surviving at foundation level. As for the _scaena_ , it is now confirmed that a rich _columnatio_ , featuring imported marbles from all over the Mediterranean, belongs to a second phase.
Along the SW side of the building, the central room beneath the _cavea_ has been excavated: directly connected with the outside, it was originally paved with tiles, on top of which a wall in stones bound with mortar was later erected (closing its NE side). One of the secondary entrances has been excavated too: it featured a staircase to the _media/summa_ _cavea_ , of which only the lower step is in fact preserved. In front of it, within a spoliation level, a stone sundial was recovered: it is exceptionally well-preserved and it is inscribed with the name of the person who covered its cost (a certain Marcus Novius Tubula).

The geophysical prospection (GPR) within the urban area has been completed, producing an impressively detailed plan of the town, featuring a dense settlement pattern and a hitherto under-estimated monumental character.
it La campagna 2017 ha permesso di portare alla luce la pianta del teatro nella sua interezza, completando al tempo stesso lo scavo dell’ _orchestra_ , del _pulpitum_ e delle _basilicae_ laterali così come degli _aditu_ _maximi_ . All’interno del teatro, pochissimi frammenti di marmo grigio scuro sono quanto rimane della pavimentazione dell’_orchestra_ . Spostandosi verso il _pulpitum_ , il muro del _proscaenium_ (in _opus_ _testaceum_ ) versa in condizioni pessime: per la maggior parte sopravvive solo la fondazione in cementizio. Lungo il _proscaenium_ si segnalano i resti delle sei buche per l’_aulaeum_ . Da notare come la _scaena_ sia stata realizzata in due fasi, alla seconda delle quali appartiene un’articolata _columnatio_ , riccamente decorata con raffinati marmi importati da varie parti del Mediterraneo.

Lungo il lato SO, è stato investigato il vano centrale al di sotto della cavea. Questo ambiente, con accesso diretto dall’esterno, presenta un’originaria pavimentazione in tegole, su cui fu poi successivamente impostato un muro in pietre legate con argilla (a chiusura del lato NE). Allo stesso modo lo scavo ha interessato uno degli accessi secondari, individuando il gradino più basso di una rampa di scale. Di fronte ad essa, all’interno di un livello di spoliazione, è stata rinvenuta una meridiana in eccezionale stato di conservazione e inscritta con il nome del personaggio che si fece carico del suo costo (un certo Marcus Novius Tubula).

Le prospezioni geofische tramite georadar all’interno dell’area urbana sono state completate, restituendo un’immagine assai dettagliata della pianta della città, caratterizzata da un denso impianto insediativo e da un sorprendente carattere monumentale.

Media

Name
Interamna Lirenas
Year
2018
Summary
en During the 2018 field season we have carried out limited work aimed at clarifying aspects not only related to the architecture of the theatre, but also linked with the development of this sector of the town. Of special significance was the investigation of a sector of the postscaenium (immediately behind the valvae regiae), which has made it possible to better interpret some structures in travertine blocks (opus quadratum), already identified in 2018, which now appear to belong to an earlier building, demolished to make room for the theatre itself. These remains are made up of two linear parallel structures, abutting what look like the foundations of two pilasters: at the moment we therefore propose to interpret such structures as the remains of the foundations of a porticus, cut and largely removed during as a result of the building of the theatre. We also recorded the presence of six quarry marks, whose characteristics are compatible with a typology which is well-attested in central-southern Italy between the late 5th and early 2nd c. BC. Given that the ceramic materials found in association with these foundations are mostly dated to the 2nd c. BC, we tentatively propose to date this building to the earlier part of that century. Some rooms, originally part of the cavea’s substructures, have been further investigated, bringing to light a thick structure in opus caementicium, whose profile seems to follow the curve of the theatre itself. Even though its precise function is still being discussed, at the moment we are inclined to consider it an element aimed at strengthening the foundations of the theatre.
it Durante la campagna 2018 sono stati condotti interventi limitati e rivolti a chiarire aspetti non solo dell’architettura del teatro, ma anche dello sviluppo di questo settore della città. In particolar modo va segnalata l’indagine di un settore del _postscaenium_ (in corrispondenza delle _valvae regiae_ ), che ha reso possibile una migliore comprensione di alcune strutture in blocchi di travertino ( _opus quadratum_ ), già individuate nel corso della campagna 2018, e che appaiono pertinenti ad un edificio precedente, demolito per far spazio al teatro stesso. Questi resti sono costituiti da due strutture lineari parallele, una delle quali risulta appoggiarsi a quelle che potrebbero essere le fondazioni di due pilastri: al momento proponiamo di interpretare queste strutture come resti delle fondazioni di un portico, tagliato e in gran parte rimosso durante i lavori per la realizzazione del teatro. Particolare interesse riveste la presenza di sei marchi di cava, le cui caratteristiche rimandano ad una tipologia ben nota e diffusa nell’Italia centro-meridionale tra tardo V e inizio II sec. a.C. Dato che i materiali ceramici rinvenuti in associazione a queste fondazioni rimandano si datano per lo più al II sec. a.C., proponiamo – in via preliminare – di riferire questo edificio agli inizi di tal secolo. Alcuni vani, originariamente parte delle sostruzioni della cavea, sono stati ulteriormente indagati, portando alla luce una spessa struttura in _opus caementicium_ ad andamento curvo, il cui profilo sembra compatibile con quello del teatro. Nonostante la sua precisa funzione sia ancora oggetto di discussione, al momento proponiamo di interpretarla quale elemento di raccordo delle fondazioni del teatro.

Media

  • Bellini et Al. 2015
    G. R. Bellini, A. Launaro, N. Leone, M.J. Millett and S.L. Trigona,2015, Ceramiche comuni da Interamna Lirenas e dal suo territorio. Primi risultati dello studio crono-tipologio (campagne 2010-11). In E. Cirelli, F. Diosono and H. Patterson (eds.), Le forme della crisi. Produzioni ceramiche e commerci nell’Italia centrale tra Romani e Longobardi. Bologna.
  • Bellini et Al. 2014
    G.R. Bellini, S. Hay, A. Launaro, N.Leone and M.J. Millett , 2014, Interamna Lirenas (Research Report 2013). In Papers of the British School at Rome 82: 327-31.
  • Bellini et Al. 2014
    G. R.Bellini, S. Hay, A. Launaro, N. Leone and M.J. Millett, 2014, Interamna Lirenas e il suo territorio. Indagini archeologiche non invasive 2012. In G. Ghini and Z. Mari, Lazio e Sabina 10. Rome. 195-204.
  • Bellini et Al 2013
    G.R. Bellini, S. Hay, A. Launaro, N. Leone and M.J. Millett, 2013, Interamna Lirenas (Research Report 2012). In Papers of the British School at Rome 81: 358-60.
  • Hay et Al. 2013
    S. Hay, A. Launaro, N.Leone and M.J. Millett, 2013, Interamna Lirenas e il suo territorio. Indagini archeologiche non invasive 2011. In G. Ghini and Z. Mari, Lazio e Sabina 9. Rome. 507-17.
  • Bellini et Al. 2012
    G.R. Bellini, S. Hay, A. Launaro, N. Leone and M.J. Millett, 2012, Interamna Lirenas (Research Report 2011). In Papers of the British School at Rome 80: 358-60.
  • Hay et Al. 2012
    S. Hay, A. Launaro, N. Leone and M.J. Millett, 2012, Interamna Lirenas e il suo territorio. Indagini archeologiche non invasive 2010. In G. Ghini and Z. Mari, Lazio e Sabina 8. Rome. 295-301.
  • Bellini - Milet 2015
    G.R. Bellini, M.J. Millet, 2015, Roman colonial landscapes: Interamna Lirenas and its territory through Antiquity. In J. Pelgrom and T. Stek (eds.), Roman Republican Colonisation: New Perspectives from Archaeology and Ancient History. Rome. 255-75.
  • Ballantyne et al 2016
    R. Ballantyne, G.R. Bellini, J. Hales, A. Launaro, N. Leone, M.J. Millett, L. Verdonck,F. Vermeulen, 2016. Interamna Lirenas (Research Report 2015). In Papers of the British School at Rome 84: 322-325.
  • Ballantyne et al 2015
    R. Ballantyne, G.R. Bellini, N. Leone, M.J. Millett, 2015, Interamna Lirenas (Research Report 2014). In Papers of the British School at Rome 83: 299-302.
  • Bellini et alii 2018
    G.R. Bellini, A. Launaro, N. Leone, M. Millett, L. Verdonck, F. Vermeulen, 2018, Interamna Lirenas. In Papers of the British School at Rome 86: 303-306.
  • Launaro-Leone 2018
    A. Launaro, N. Leone, 2018, A view from the margin? Roman commonwares and patterns of distribution and consumption at Interamna Lirenas (Lazio). In Journal of Roman Archaeology 31: 323-338.
  • Verdonck et Alii 2018
    L. Verdonck, F. Vermeulen, M. Millett, A. Launaro, 2018, The impact of high resolution Ground-Penetrating Radar survey on understanding Roman towns: case studies from Falerii Novi and Interamna Lirenas (Lazio, Italy). In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, Cassino, 249-254.

Location

Ancient Site Name
Interamna Lirenas
Location
Contrada Termine
Easting
13.753667
Northing
41.427472